Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30584-b9873745ba) Lines: 1420 1535 92.5 %
Date: 2025-12-21 09:21:02 Functions: 649 707 91.8 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /* Copyright (C) 2000-2010  The PARI group.
       2             : 
       3             : This file is part of the PARI/GP package.
       4             : 
       5             : PARI/GP is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
       6             : terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
       7             : Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
       8             : version. It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
       9             : ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER.
      10             : 
      11             : Check the License for details. You should have received a copy of it, along
      12             : with the package; see the file 'COPYING'. If not, write to the Free Software
      13             : Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. */
      14             : 
      15             : 
      16             : /*********************************************************************/
      17             : /*                       MALLOC/FREE WRAPPERS                        */
      18             : /*********************************************************************/
      19             : #define BLOCK_SIGALRM_START          \
      20             : {                                    \
      21             :   int block=PARI_SIGINT_block;       \
      22             :   PARI_SIGINT_block = 2;             \
      23             :   MT_SIGINT_BLOCK(block);
      24             : 
      25             : #define BLOCK_SIGINT_START           \
      26             : {                                    \
      27             :   int block=PARI_SIGINT_block;       \
      28             :   PARI_SIGINT_block = 1;             \
      29             :   MT_SIGINT_BLOCK(block);
      30             : 
      31             : #define BLOCK_SIGINT_END             \
      32             :   PARI_SIGINT_block = block;         \
      33             :   MT_SIGINT_UNBLOCK(block);          \
      34             :   if (!block && PARI_SIGINT_pending) \
      35             :   {                                  \
      36             :     int sig = PARI_SIGINT_pending;   \
      37             :     PARI_SIGINT_pending = 0;         \
      38             :     raise(sig);                      \
      39             :   }                                  \
      40             : }
      41             : 
      42             : /*******************************************************************/
      43             : /*                                                                 */
      44             : /*                          CONSTRUCTORS                           */
      45             : /*                                                                 */
      46             : /*******************************************************************/
      47             : #define retmkfrac(x,y)\
      48             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(3, t_FRAC);\
      49             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
      50             :        gel(_v,2) = (y); return _v; } while(0)
      51             : #define retmkrfrac(x,y)\
      52             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(3, t_RFRAC);\
      53             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
      54             :        gel(_v,2) = (y); return _v; } while(0)
      55             : #define retmkintmod(x,y)\
      56             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(3, t_INTMOD);\
      57             :        gel(_v,1) = (y);\
      58             :        gel(_v,2) = (x); return _v; } while(0)
      59             : #define retmkcomplex(x,y)\
      60             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(3, t_COMPLEX);\
      61             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
      62             :        gel(_v,2) = (y); return _v; } while(0)
      63             : #define retmkpolmod(x,y)\
      64             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(3, t_POLMOD);\
      65             :        gel(_v,1) = (y);\
      66             :        gel(_v,2) = (x); return _v; } while(0)
      67             : #define retmkvec(x)\
      68             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(2, t_VEC);\
      69             :        gel(_v,1) = (x); return _v; } while(0)
      70             : #define retmkvec2(x,y)\
      71             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(3, t_VEC);\
      72             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
      73             :        gel(_v,2) = (y); return _v; } while(0)
      74             : #define retmkvec3(x,y,z)\
      75             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(4, t_VEC);\
      76             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
      77             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
      78             :        gel(_v,3) = (z); return _v; } while(0)
      79             : #define retmkpadic(x,p,pd,e,d)\
      80             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(5, t_PADIC);\
      81             :        _v[1] = evalvalp(e) | evalprecp(d);\
      82             :        gel(_v,2) = (p);\
      83             :        gel(_v,3) = (pd);\
      84             :        gel(_v,4) = (x); return _v; } while(0)
      85             : /* x allowed to contain _pd */
      86             : #define retmkpadic_i(x,p,pd,e,d)\
      87             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(5, t_PADIC), _pd = (pd);\
      88             :        _v[1] = evalvalp(e) | evalprecp(d);\
      89             :        gel(_v,2) = (p);\
      90             :        gel(_v,3) = (_pd);\
      91             :        gel(_v,4) = (x); return _v; } while(0)
      92             : #define retmkqfb(x,y,z,d)\
      93             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(5, t_QFB);\
      94             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
      95             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
      96             :        gel(_v,3) = (z);\
      97             :        gel(_v,4) = (d); return _v; } while(0)
      98             : #define retmkquad(x,y,z)\
      99             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(4, t_QUAD);\
     100             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     101             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
     102             :        gel(_v,3) = (z); return _v; } while(0)
     103             : #define retmkvec4(x,y,z,t)\
     104             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(5, t_VEC);\
     105             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     106             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
     107             :        gel(_v,3) = (z);\
     108             :        gel(_v,4) = (t); return _v; } while(0)
     109             : #define retmkvec5(x,y,z,t,u)\
     110             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(6, t_VEC);\
     111             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     112             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
     113             :        gel(_v,3) = (z);\
     114             :        gel(_v,4) = (t);\
     115             :        gel(_v,5) = (u); return _v; } while(0)
     116             : #define retmkvec6(x,y,z,t,u,v)\
     117             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(7, t_VEC);\
     118             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     119             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
     120             :        gel(_v,3) = (z);\
     121             :        gel(_v,4) = (t);\
     122             :        gel(_v,5) = (u);\
     123             :        gel(_v,6) = (v); return _v; } while(0)
     124             : #define retmkcol(x)\
     125             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(2, t_COL);\
     126             :        gel(_v,1) = (x); return _v; } while(0)
     127             : #define retmkcol2(x,y)\
     128             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(3, t_COL);\
     129             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     130             :        gel(_v,2) = (y); return _v; } while(0)
     131             : #define retmkcol3(x,y,z)\
     132             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(4, t_COL);\
     133             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     134             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
     135             :        gel(_v,3) = (z); return _v; } while(0)
     136             : #define retmkcol4(x,y,z,t)\
     137             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(5, t_COL);\
     138             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     139             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
     140             :        gel(_v,3) = (z);\
     141             :        gel(_v,4) = (t); return _v; } while(0)
     142             : #define retmkcol5(x,y,z,t,u)\
     143             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(6, t_COL);\
     144             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     145             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
     146             :        gel(_v,3) = (z);\
     147             :        gel(_v,4) = (t);\
     148             :        gel(_v,5) = (u); return _v; } while(0)
     149             : #define retmkcol6(x,y,z,t,u,v)\
     150             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(7, t_COL);\
     151             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     152             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
     153             :        gel(_v,3) = (z);\
     154             :        gel(_v,4) = (t);\
     155             :        gel(_v,5) = (u);\
     156             :        gel(_v,6) = (v); return _v; } while(0)
     157             : #define retmkmat(x)\
     158             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(2, t_MAT);\
     159             :        gel(_v,1) = (x); return _v; } while(0)
     160             : #define retmkmat2(x,y)\
     161             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(3, t_MAT);\
     162             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     163             :        gel(_v,2) = (y); return _v; } while(0)
     164             : #define retmkmat3(x,y,z)\
     165             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(4, t_MAT);\
     166             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     167             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
     168             :        gel(_v,3) = (z); return _v; } while(0)
     169             : #define retmkmat4(x,y,z,t)\
     170             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(5, t_MAT);\
     171             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     172             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
     173             :        gel(_v,3) = (z);\
     174             :        gel(_v,4) = (t); return _v; } while(0)
     175             : #define retmkmat5(x,y,z,t,u)\
     176             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(6, t_MAT);\
     177             :        gel(_v,1) = (x);\
     178             :        gel(_v,2) = (y);\
     179             :        gel(_v,3) = (z);\
     180             :        gel(_v,4) = (t);\
     181             :        gel(_v,5) = (u); return _v; } while(0)
     182             : #define retmkmat22(a,b,c,d)\
     183             :   do { GEN _v = cgetg(3, t_MAT);\
     184             :        gel(_v,1) = mkcol2(a,c);\
     185             :        gel(_v,2) = mkcol2(b,d); return _v; } while(0)
     186             : INLINE GEN
     187     8092624 : mkintmod(GEN x, GEN y) { retmkintmod(x,y); }
     188             : INLINE GEN
     189        1813 : mkintmodu(ulong x, ulong y) {
     190        1813 :   GEN v = cgetg(3,t_INTMOD);
     191        1813 :   gel(v,1) = utoipos(y);
     192        1813 :   gel(v,2) = utoi(x); return v;
     193             : }
     194             : INLINE GEN
     195        2009 : mkpadic(GEN x, GEN p, GEN pd, long e, long d) { retmkpadic(x,p,pd,e,d); }
     196             : INLINE GEN
     197     3104033 : mkpolmod(GEN x, GEN y) { retmkpolmod(x,y); }
     198             : INLINE GEN
     199    41640860 : mkfrac(GEN x, GEN y) { retmkfrac(x,y); }
     200             : INLINE GEN
     201     1209563 : mkfracss(long x, long y) { retmkfrac(stoi(x),utoipos(y)); }
     202             : /* q = n/d a t_FRAC or t_INT; recover (n,d) */
     203             : INLINE void
     204       35322 : Qtoss(GEN q, long *n, long *d)
     205             : {
     206       35322 :   if (typ(q) == t_INT) { *n = itos(q); *d = 1; }
     207        5796 :   else { *n = itos(gel(q,1)); *d = itou(gel(q,2)); }
     208       35322 : }
     209             : INLINE GEN
     210     1097215 : sstoQ(long n, long d)
     211             : {
     212             :   ulong r;
     213             :   long g, q;
     214     1097215 :   if (!n)
     215             :   {
     216      117936 :     if (!d) pari_err_INV("sstoQ",gen_0);
     217      117936 :     return gen_0;
     218             :   }
     219      979279 :   if (d < 0) { d = -d; n = -n; }
     220      979279 :   if (d == 1) return stoi(n);
     221      959945 :   r = labs(n);
     222      959945 :   if (r == 1) retmkfrac(n > 0? gen_1: gen_m1, utoipos(d));
     223      909825 :   q = udivuu_rem(r, d, &r);
     224      909825 :   if (!r) return n > 0? utoipos(q): utoineg(q);
     225      854952 :   g = ugcd(d,r); /* gcd(n,d) */
     226      854952 :   if (g != 1) { n /= g; d /= g; }
     227      854952 :   retmkfrac(stoi(n), utoipos(d));
     228             : }
     229             : 
     230             : INLINE GEN
     231     1600198 : uutoQ(ulong n, ulong d)
     232             : {
     233             :   ulong r;
     234             :   long g, q;
     235     1600198 :   if (!n)
     236             :   {
     237         595 :     if (!d) pari_err_INV("uutoQ",gen_0);
     238         595 :     return gen_0;
     239             :   }
     240     1599603 :   if (d == 1) return utoipos(n);
     241     1588501 :   if (n == 1) retmkfrac(gen_1, utoipos(d));
     242     1499461 :   q = udivuu_rem(n,d,&r);
     243     1499461 :   if (!r) return utoipos(q);
     244     1259375 :   g = ugcd(d,r); /* gcd(n,d) */
     245     1259375 :   if (g != 1) { n /= g; d /= g; }
     246     1259375 :   retmkfrac(utoipos(n), utoipos(d));
     247             : }
     248             : 
     249             : INLINE GEN
     250     4999377 : mkfraccopy(GEN x, GEN y) { retmkfrac(icopy(x), icopy(y)); }
     251             : INLINE GEN
     252      698439 : mkrfrac(GEN x, GEN y) { GEN v = cgetg(3, t_RFRAC);
     253      698439 :   gel(v,1) = x; gel(v,2) = y; return v; }
     254             : INLINE GEN
     255          14 : mkrfraccopy(GEN x, GEN y) { GEN v = cgetg(3, t_RFRAC);
     256          14 :   gel(v,1) = gcopy(x); gel(v,2) = gcopy(y); return v; }
     257             : INLINE GEN
     258    91606415 : mkcomplex(GEN x, GEN y) { retmkcomplex(x,y); }
     259             : INLINE GEN
     260     1269717 : gen_I(void) { return mkcomplex(gen_0, gen_1); }
     261             : INLINE GEN
     262      975455 : cgetc(long l) { retmkcomplex(cgetr(l), cgetr(l)); }
     263             : INLINE GEN
     264       69118 : mkquad(GEN n, GEN x, GEN y) { GEN v = cgetg(4, t_QUAD);
     265       69118 :   gel(v,1) = n; gel(v,2) = x; gel(v,3) = y; return v; }
     266             : /* vecsmall */
     267             : INLINE GEN
     268   131614600 : mkvecsmall(long x) { GEN v = cgetg(2, t_VECSMALL); v[1] = x; return v; }
     269             : INLINE GEN
     270   234809731 : mkvecsmall2(long x,long y) { GEN v = cgetg(3, t_VECSMALL);
     271   234833525 :   v[1]=x; v[2]=y; return v; }
     272             : INLINE GEN
     273   104176411 : mkvecsmall3(long x,long y,long z) { GEN v = cgetg(4, t_VECSMALL);
     274   104169406 :   v[1]=x; v[2]=y; v[3]=z; return v; }
     275             : INLINE GEN
     276    18663456 : mkvecsmall4(long x,long y,long z,long t) { GEN v = cgetg(5, t_VECSMALL);
     277    18664253 :   v[1]=x; v[2]=y; v[3]=z; v[4]=t; return v; }
     278             : INLINE GEN
     279     1717746 : mkvecsmall5(long x,long y,long z,long t,long u) { GEN v = cgetg(6, t_VECSMALL);
     280     1717741 :   v[1]=x; v[2]=y; v[3]=z; v[4]=t; v[5]=u; return v; }
     281             : 
     282             : INLINE GEN
     283    27927734 : mkqfb(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z, GEN d) { retmkqfb(x,y,z,d); }
     284             : /* vec */
     285             : INLINE GEN
     286    71104424 : mkvec(GEN x) { retmkvec(x); }
     287             : INLINE GEN
     288   186084420 : mkvec2(GEN x, GEN y) { retmkvec2(x,y); }
     289             : INLINE GEN
     290   117703219 : mkvec3(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z) { retmkvec3(x,y,z); }
     291             : INLINE GEN
     292    10092899 : mkvec4(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z, GEN t) { retmkvec4(x,y,z,t); }
     293             : INLINE GEN
     294    15185875 : mkvec5(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z, GEN t, GEN u) { retmkvec5(x,y,z,t,u); }
     295             : INLINE GEN
     296           0 : mkvec6(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z, GEN t, GEN u, GEN v) { retmkvec6(x,y,z,t,u,v); }
     297             : INLINE GEN
     298         168 : mkvecs(long x) { retmkvec(stoi(x)); }
     299             : INLINE GEN
     300      220243 : mkvec2s(long x, long y) { retmkvec2(stoi(x),stoi(y)); }
     301             : INLINE GEN
     302      524441 : mkvec3s(long x, long y, long z) { retmkvec3(stoi(x),stoi(y),stoi(z)); }
     303             : INLINE GEN
     304          21 : mkvec4s(long x, long y, long z, long t) { retmkvec4(stoi(x),stoi(y),stoi(z),stoi(t)); }
     305             : INLINE GEN
     306           0 : mkvec5s(long x, long y, long z, long t, long u) { retmkvec5(stoi(x),stoi(y),stoi(z),stoi(t),stoi(u)); }
     307             : INLINE GEN
     308         301 : mkvec6s(long x, long y, long z, long t, long u, long v) { retmkvec6(stoi(x),stoi(y),stoi(z),stoi(t),stoi(u),stoi(v)); }
     309             : INLINE GEN
     310      122521 : mkveccopy(GEN x) { GEN v = cgetg(2, t_VEC); gel(v,1) = gcopy(x); return v; }
     311             : INLINE GEN
     312      114506 : mkvec2copy(GEN x, GEN y) {
     313      114506 :   GEN v = cgetg(3,t_VEC); gel(v,1) = gcopy(x); gel(v,2) = gcopy(y); return v; }
     314             : /* col */
     315             : INLINE GEN
     316    10639973 : mkcol(GEN x) { retmkcol(x); }
     317             : INLINE GEN
     318   156799343 : mkcol2(GEN x, GEN y) { retmkcol2(x,y); }
     319             : INLINE GEN
     320       88314 : mkcol3(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z) { retmkcol3(x,y,z); }
     321             : INLINE GEN
     322      103467 : mkcol4(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z, GEN t) { retmkcol4(x,y,z,t); }
     323             : INLINE GEN
     324          94 : mkcol5(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z, GEN t, GEN u) { retmkcol5(x,y,z,t,u); }
     325             : INLINE GEN
     326      232470 : mkcol6(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z, GEN t, GEN u, GEN v) { retmkcol6(x,y,z,t,u,v); }
     327             : INLINE GEN
     328       40411 : mkcols(long x) { retmkcol(stoi(x)); }
     329             : INLINE GEN
     330     4416244 : mkcol2s(long x, long y) { retmkcol2(stoi(x),stoi(y)); }
     331             : INLINE GEN
     332         315 : mkcol3s(long x, long y, long z) { retmkcol3(stoi(x),stoi(y),stoi(z)); }
     333             : INLINE GEN
     334           0 : mkcol4s(long x, long y, long z, long t) { retmkcol4(stoi(x),stoi(y),stoi(z),stoi(t)); }
     335             : INLINE GEN
     336       33532 : mkcolcopy(GEN x) { GEN v = cgetg(2, t_COL); gel(v,1) = gcopy(x); return v; }
     337             : /* mat */
     338             : INLINE GEN
     339     4751097 : mkmat(GEN x) { retmkmat(x); }
     340             : INLINE GEN
     341    33651746 : mkmat2(GEN x, GEN y) { retmkmat2(x,y); }
     342             : INLINE GEN
     343       17001 : mkmat3(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z) { retmkmat3(x,y,z); }
     344             : INLINE GEN
     345          84 : mkmat4(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z, GEN t) { retmkmat4(x,y,z,t); }
     346             : INLINE GEN
     347           0 : mkmat5(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z, GEN t, GEN u) { retmkmat5(x,y,z,t,u); }
     348             : INLINE GEN
     349      122256 : mkmatcopy(GEN x) { GEN v = cgetg(2, t_MAT); gel(v,1) = gcopy(x); return v; }
     350             : INLINE GEN
     351           0 : mkerr(long x) { GEN v = cgetg(2, t_ERROR); v[1] = x; return v; }
     352             : INLINE GEN
     353     1331863 : mkoo(void) { GEN v = cgetg(2, t_INFINITY); gel(v,1) = gen_1; return v; }
     354             : INLINE GEN
     355      108788 : mkmoo(void) { GEN v = cgetg(2, t_INFINITY); gel(v,1) = gen_m1; return v; }
     356             : INLINE long
     357     1452911 : inf_get_sign(GEN x) { return signe(gel(x,1)); }
     358             : INLINE GEN
     359      207578 : mkmat22s(long a, long b, long c, long d) {retmkmat2(mkcol2s(a,c),mkcol2s(b,d));}
     360             : INLINE GEN
     361    50252636 : mkmat22(GEN a, GEN b, GEN c, GEN d) { retmkmat2(mkcol2(a,c),mkcol2(b,d)); }
     362             : 
     363             : /* pol */
     364             : INLINE GEN
     365     3857518 : pol_x(long v) {
     366     3857518 :   GEN p = cgetg(4, t_POL);
     367     3857512 :   p[1] = evalsigne(1)|evalvarn(v);
     368     3857512 :   gel(p,2) = gen_0;
     369     3857512 :   gel(p,3) = gen_1; return p;
     370             : }
     371             : /* x^n, assume n >= 0 */
     372             : INLINE GEN
     373     2249696 : pol_xn(long n, long v) {
     374     2249696 :   long i, a = n+2;
     375     2249696 :   GEN p = cgetg(a+1, t_POL);
     376     2249699 :   p[1] = evalsigne(1)|evalvarn(v);
     377     5545411 :   for (i = 2; i < a; i++) gel(p,i) = gen_0;
     378     2249699 :   gel(p,a) = gen_1; return p;
     379             : }
     380             : /* x^n, no assumption on n */
     381             : INLINE GEN
     382         294 : pol_xnall(long n, long v)
     383             : {
     384         294 :   if (n < 0) retmkrfrac(gen_1, pol_xn(-n,v));
     385         287 :   return pol_xn(n, v);
     386             : }
     387             : /* x^n, assume n >= 0 */
     388             : INLINE GEN
     389         371 : polxn_Flx(long n, long sv) {
     390         371 :   long i, a = n+2;
     391         371 :   GEN p = cgetg(a+1, t_VECSMALL);
     392         371 :   p[1] = sv;
     393        1806 :   for (i = 2; i < a; i++) p[i] = 0;
     394         371 :   p[a] = 1; return p;
     395             : }
     396             : INLINE GEN
     397     3755743 : pol_1(long v) {
     398     3755743 :   GEN p = cgetg(3, t_POL);
     399     3755734 :   p[1] = evalsigne(1)|evalvarn(v);
     400     3755734 :   gel(p,2) = gen_1; return p;
     401             : }
     402             : INLINE GEN
     403    83000968 : pol_0(long v)
     404             : {
     405    83000968 :   GEN x = cgetg(2,t_POL);
     406    83000966 :   x[1] = evalvarn(v); return x;
     407             : }
     408             : #define retconst_vec(n,x)\
     409             :   do { long _i, _n = (n);\
     410             :        GEN _v = cgetg(_n+1, t_VEC), _x = (x);\
     411             :        for (_i = 1; _i <= _n; _i++) gel(_v,_i) = _x;\
     412             :        return _v; } while(0)
     413             : INLINE GEN
     414   241081680 : const_vec(long n, GEN x) { retconst_vec(n, x); }
     415             : #define retconst_col(n,x)\
     416             :   do { long _i, _n = (n);\
     417             :        GEN _v = cgetg(_n+1, t_COL), _x = (x);\
     418             :        for (_i = 1; _i <= _n; _i++) gel(_v,_i) = _x;\
     419             :        return _v; } while(0)
     420             : INLINE GEN
     421    39630581 : const_col(long n, GEN x) { retconst_col(n, x); }
     422             : INLINE GEN
     423    19700839 : const_vecsmall(long n, long c)
     424             : {
     425             :   long i;
     426    19700839 :   GEN V = cgetg(n+1,t_VECSMALL);
     427   772508766 :   for(i=1;i<=n;i++) V[i] = c;
     428    19701304 :   return V;
     429             : }
     430             : 
     431             : /***   ZERO   ***/
     432             : /* O(p^e) */
     433             : INLINE GEN
     434      855447 : zeropadic(GEN p, long e) { retmkpadic(gen_0, icopy(p), gen_1, e, 0); }
     435             : INLINE GEN
     436       17023 : zeropadic_shallow(GEN p, long e) { retmkpadic(gen_0, icopy(p), gen_1, e, 0); }
     437             : /* O(pol_x(v)^e) */
     438             : INLINE GEN
     439      138908 : zeroser(long v, long e)
     440             : {
     441      138908 :   GEN x = cgetg(2, t_SER);
     442      138908 :   x[1] = evalvalser(e) | evalvarn(v); return x;
     443             : }
     444             : INLINE int
     445    10120284 : ser_isexactzero(GEN x)
     446             : {
     447    10120284 :   if (!signe(x)) switch(lg(x))
     448             :   {
     449      132860 :     case 2: return 1;
     450        4746 :     case 3: return isexactzero(gel(x,2));
     451             :   }
     452     9982678 :   return 0;
     453             : }
     454             : /* 0 * pol_x(v) */
     455             : INLINE GEN
     456    42358336 : zeropol(long v) { return pol_0(v); }
     457             : /* vector(n) */
     458             : INLINE GEN
     459   122323456 : zerocol(long n)
     460             : {
     461   122323456 :   GEN y = cgetg(n+1,t_COL);
     462   821076923 :   long i; for (i=1; i<=n; i++) gel(y,i) = gen_0;
     463   122324014 :   return y;
     464             : }
     465             : /* vectorv(n) */
     466             : INLINE GEN
     467    28453418 : zerovec(long n)
     468             : {
     469    28453418 :   GEN y = cgetg(n+1,t_VEC);
     470   418503685 :   long i; for (i=1; i<=n; i++) gel(y,i) = gen_0;
     471    28453414 :   return y;
     472             : }
     473             : /* matrix(m, n) */
     474             : INLINE GEN
     475      109080 : zeromat(long m, long n)
     476             : {
     477      109080 :   GEN y = cgetg(n+1,t_MAT);
     478      109081 :   GEN v = zerocol(m);
     479      403169 :   long i; for (i=1; i<=n; i++) gel(y,i) = v;
     480      109083 :   return y;
     481             : }
     482             : /* = zero_zx, sv is a evalvarn()*/
     483             : INLINE GEN
     484     1426678 : zero_Flx(long sv) { return pol0_Flx(sv); }
     485             : INLINE GEN
     486    59651551 : zero_Flv(long n)
     487             : {
     488    59651551 :   GEN y = cgetg(n+1,t_VECSMALL);
     489   966528001 :   long i; for (i=1; i<=n; i++) y[i] = 0;
     490    59651585 :   return y;
     491             : }
     492             : /* matrix(m, n) */
     493             : INLINE GEN
     494     2829341 : zero_Flm(long m, long n)
     495             : {
     496     2829341 :   GEN y = cgetg(n+1,t_MAT);
     497     2829322 :   GEN v = zero_Flv(m);
     498    18027639 :   long i; for (i=1; i<=n; i++) gel(y,i) = v;
     499     2829315 :   return y;
     500             : }
     501             : /* matrix(m, n) */
     502             : INLINE GEN
     503      238024 : zero_Flm_copy(long m, long n)
     504             : {
     505      238024 :   GEN y = cgetg(n+1,t_MAT);
     506     2583246 :   long i; for (i=1; i<=n; i++) gel(y,i) = zero_Flv(m);
     507      238019 :   return y;
     508             : }
     509             : 
     510             : INLINE GEN
     511     3647670 : zero_F2v(long m)
     512             : {
     513     3647670 :   long l = nbits2nlong(m);
     514     3647666 :   GEN v  = zero_Flv(l+1);
     515     3647651 :   v[1] = m;
     516     3647651 :   return v;
     517             : }
     518             : 
     519             : INLINE GEN
     520           0 : zero_F2m(long m, long n)
     521             : {
     522             :   long i;
     523           0 :   GEN M = cgetg(n+1, t_MAT);
     524           0 :   GEN v = zero_F2v(m);
     525           0 :   for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
     526           0 :     gel(M,i) = v;
     527           0 :   return M;
     528             : }
     529             : 
     530             : 
     531             : INLINE GEN
     532      845040 : zero_F2m_copy(long m, long n)
     533             : {
     534             :   long i;
     535      845040 :   GEN M = cgetg(n+1, t_MAT);
     536     2016917 :   for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
     537     1171881 :     gel(M,i)= zero_F2v(m);
     538      845036 :   return M;
     539             : }
     540             : 
     541             : /* matrix(m, n) */
     542             : INLINE GEN
     543    14248309 : zeromatcopy(long m, long n)
     544             : {
     545    14248309 :   GEN y = cgetg(n+1,t_MAT);
     546    72047911 :   long i; for (i=1; i<=n; i++) gel(y,i) = zerocol(m);
     547    14248321 :   return y;
     548             : }
     549             : 
     550             : INLINE GEN
     551       29619 : zerovec_block(long len)
     552             : {
     553             :   long i;
     554       29619 :   GEN blk = cgetg_block(len + 1, t_VEC);
     555      977427 :   for (i = 1; i <= len; ++i)
     556      947808 :     gel(blk, i) = gen_0;
     557       29619 :   return blk;
     558             : }
     559             : 
     560             : /* i-th vector in the standard basis */
     561             : INLINE GEN
     562     5925183 : col_ei(long n, long i) { GEN e = zerocol(n); gel(e,i) = gen_1; return e; }
     563             : INLINE GEN
     564     1713856 : vec_ei(long n, long i) { GEN e = zerovec(n); gel(e,i) = gen_1; return e; }
     565             : INLINE GEN
     566          42 : F2v_ei(long n, long i) { GEN e = zero_F2v(n); F2v_set(e,i); return e; }
     567             : INLINE GEN
     568      584699 : vecsmall_ei(long n, long i) { GEN e = zero_zv(n); e[i] = 1; return e; }
     569             : INLINE GEN
     570     1451067 : Rg_col_ei(GEN x, long n, long i) { GEN e = zerocol(n); gel(e,i) = x; return e; }
     571             : 
     572             : INLINE GEN
     573    27625258 : shallowcopy(GEN x)
     574    27625258 : { return typ(x) == t_MAT ? RgM_shallowcopy(x): leafcopy(x); }
     575             : 
     576             : /* routines for naive growarrays */
     577             : INLINE GEN
     578    11767381 : vectrunc_init(long l)
     579             : {
     580    11767381 :   GEN z = new_chunk(l);
     581    11767532 :   z[0] = evaltyp(t_VEC) | _evallg(1); return z;
     582             : }
     583             : INLINE GEN
     584      740250 : coltrunc_init(long l)
     585             : {
     586      740250 :   GEN z = new_chunk(l);
     587      740250 :   z[0] = evaltyp(t_COL) | _evallg(1); return z;
     588             : }
     589             : INLINE void
     590   320636824 : lg_increase(GEN x) { x[0]++; }
     591             : INLINE void
     592    15849382 : vectrunc_append(GEN x, GEN t) { gel(x, lg(x)) = t; lg_increase(x); }
     593             : INLINE void
     594        9667 : vectrunc_append_batch(GEN x, GEN y)
     595             : {
     596        9667 :   long i, l = lg(x), ly = lg(y);
     597        9667 :   GEN z = x + l-1;
     598       32753 :   for (i = 1; i < ly; i++) gel(z,i) = gel(y,i);
     599        9667 :   setlg(x, l+ly-1);
     600        9667 : }
     601             : INLINE GEN
     602   191435220 : vecsmalltrunc_init(long l)
     603             : {
     604   191435220 :   GEN z = new_chunk(l);
     605   191427085 :   z[0] = evaltyp(t_VECSMALL) | _evallg(1); return z;
     606             : }
     607             : INLINE void
     608   100788386 : vecsmalltrunc_append(GEN x, long t) { x[ lg(x) ] = t; lg_increase(x); }
     609             : 
     610             : /*******************************************************************/
     611             : /*                                                                 */
     612             : /*                    STRING HASH FUNCTIONS                        */
     613             : /*                                                                 */
     614             : /*******************************************************************/
     615             : INLINE ulong
     616     2756815 : hash_str(const char *str)
     617             : {
     618     2756815 :   ulong hash = 5381UL, c;
     619    28682857 :   while ( (c = (ulong)*str++) )
     620    25926042 :     hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + c; /* hash * 33 + c */
     621     2756815 :   return hash;
     622             : }
     623             : INLINE ulong
     624    31545554 : hash_str_len(const char *str, long len)
     625             : {
     626    31545554 :   ulong hash = 5381UL;
     627             :   long i;
     628   228045468 :   for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
     629             :   {
     630   196499914 :     ulong c = (ulong)*str++;
     631   196499914 :     hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + c; /* hash * 33 + c */
     632             :   }
     633    31545554 :   return hash;
     634             : }
     635             : 
     636             : /*******************************************************************/
     637             : /*                                                                 */
     638             : /*                        VEC / COL / VECSMALL                     */
     639             : /*                                                                 */
     640             : /*******************************************************************/
     641             : /* shallow*/
     642             : INLINE GEN
     643       11557 : vec_shorten(GEN v, long n)
     644             : {
     645       11557 :   GEN V = cgetg(n+1, t_VEC);
     646             :   long i;
     647       13013 :   for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) gel(V,i) = gel(v,i);
     648       11557 :   return V;
     649             : }
     650             : /* shallow*/
     651             : INLINE GEN
     652       18960 : vec_lengthen(GEN v, long n)
     653             : {
     654       18960 :   GEN V = cgetg(n+1, t_VEC);
     655       18960 :   long i, l = lg(v);
     656     1938870 :   for(i = 1; i < l; i++) gel(V,i) = gel(v,i);
     657       18960 :   return V;
     658             : }
     659             : /* shallow*/
     660             : INLINE GEN
     661     3465010 : vec_append(GEN V, GEN s)
     662             : {
     663     3465010 :   long i, l2 = lg(V);
     664     3465010 :   GEN res = cgetg(l2+1, typ(V));
     665    10817184 :   for (i = 1; i < l2; i++) gel(res, i) = gel(V,i);
     666     3464998 :   gel(res,l2) = s; return res;
     667             : }
     668             : /* shallow*/
     669             : INLINE GEN
     670      313988 : vec_prepend(GEN v, GEN s)
     671             : {
     672      313988 :   long i, l = lg(v);
     673      313988 :   GEN w = cgetg(l+1, typ(v));
     674      313991 :   gel(w,1) = s;
     675      796218 :   for (i = 2; i <= l; i++) gel(w,i) = gel(v,i-1);
     676      313991 :   return w;
     677             : }
     678             : /* shallow*/
     679             : INLINE GEN
     680           0 : vec_setconst(GEN v, GEN x)
     681             : {
     682           0 :   long i, l = lg(v);
     683           0 :   for (i = 1; i < l; i++) gel(v,i) = x;
     684           0 :   return v;
     685             : }
     686             : INLINE GEN
     687       75544 : vecsmall_shorten(GEN v, long n)
     688             : {
     689       75544 :   GEN V = cgetg(n+1,t_VECSMALL);
     690             :   long i;
     691      988342 :   for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) V[i] = v[i];
     692       75544 :   return V;
     693             : }
     694             : INLINE GEN
     695         547 : vecsmall_lengthen(GEN v, long n)
     696             : {
     697         547 :   long i, l = lg(v);
     698         547 :   GEN V = cgetg(n+1,t_VECSMALL);
     699       53385 :   for(i = 1; i < l; i++) V[i] = v[i];
     700         547 :   return V;
     701             : }
     702             : 
     703             : INLINE GEN
     704     4036595 : vec_to_vecsmall(GEN x)
     705    18928747 : { pari_APPLY_long(itos(gel(x,i))) }
     706             : INLINE GEN
     707      511781 : vecsmall_to_vec(GEN x)
     708     7076007 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_VEC, stoi(x[i])) }
     709             : INLINE GEN
     710        3304 : vecsmall_to_vec_inplace(GEN z)
     711             : {
     712        3304 :   long i, l = lg(z);
     713       79604 :   for (i=1; i<l; i++) gel(z,i) = stoi(z[i]);
     714        3304 :   settyp(z, t_VEC); return z;
     715             : }
     716             : INLINE GEN
     717     7838299 : vecsmall_to_col(GEN x)
     718    59639704 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_COL, stoi(x[i])) }
     719             : 
     720             : INLINE int
     721     7043251 : vecsmall_lexcmp(GEN x, GEN y)
     722             : {
     723             :   long lx,ly,l,i;
     724     7043251 :   lx = lg(x);
     725     7043251 :   ly = lg(y); l = minss(lx,ly);
     726    30264485 :   for (i=1; i<l; i++)
     727    28787551 :     if (x[i] != y[i]) return x[i]<y[i]? -1: 1;
     728     1476934 :   if (lx == ly) return 0;
     729        4154 :   return (lx < ly)? -1 : 1;
     730             : }
     731             : 
     732             : INLINE int
     733   108088071 : vecsmall_prefixcmp(GEN x, GEN y)
     734             : {
     735   108088071 :   long i, lx = lg(x), ly = lg(y), l = minss(lx,ly);
     736   542691324 :   for (i=1; i<l; i++)
     737   519806035 :     if (x[i] != y[i]) return x[i]<y[i]? -1: 1;
     738    22885289 :   return 0;
     739             : }
     740             : 
     741             : /*Can be used on t_VEC, but coeffs not gcopy-ed*/
     742             : INLINE GEN
     743      186970 : vecsmall_prepend(GEN V, long s)
     744             : {
     745      186970 :   long i, l2 = lg(V);
     746      186970 :   GEN res = cgetg(l2+1, typ(V));
     747      186970 :   res[1] = s;
     748      625301 :   for (i = 2; i <= l2; ++i) res[i] = V[i - 1];
     749      186970 :   return res;
     750             : }
     751             : 
     752             : INLINE GEN
     753     4098928 : vecsmall_append(GEN V, long s)
     754             : {
     755     4098928 :   long i, l2 = lg(V);
     756     4098928 :   GEN res = cgetg(l2+1, t_VECSMALL);
     757     6014073 :   for (i = 1; i < l2; ++i) res[i] = V[i];
     758     4098928 :   res[l2] = s; return res;
     759             : }
     760             : 
     761             : INLINE GEN
     762     1464237 : vecsmall_concat(GEN u, GEN v)
     763             : {
     764     1464237 :   long i, l1 = lg(u)-1, l2 = lg(v)-1;
     765     1464237 :   GEN res = cgetg(l1+l2+1, t_VECSMALL);
     766    11617376 :   for (i = 1; i <= l1; ++i) res[i]    = u[i];
     767    15218473 :   for (i = 1; i <= l2; ++i) res[i+l1] = v[i];
     768     1464236 :   return res;
     769             : }
     770             : 
     771             : /* return the number of indices where u and v are equal */
     772             : INLINE long
     773           0 : vecsmall_coincidence(GEN u, GEN v)
     774             : {
     775           0 :   long i, s = 0, l = minss(lg(u),lg(v));
     776           0 :   for(i=1; i<l; i++)
     777           0 :     if(u[i] == v[i]) s++;
     778           0 :   return s;
     779             : }
     780             : 
     781             : /* returns the first index i<=n such that x=v[i] if it exists, 0 otherwise */
     782             : INLINE long
     783          84 : vecsmall_isin(GEN v, long x)
     784             : {
     785          84 :   long i, l = lg(v);
     786         124 :   for (i = 1; i < l; i++)
     787          80 :     if (v[i] == x) return i;
     788          44 :   return 0;
     789             : }
     790             : 
     791             : INLINE long
     792          84 : vecsmall_pack(GEN V, long base, long mod)
     793             : {
     794          84 :   long i, s = 0;
     795         273 :   for(i=1; i<lg(V); i++) s = (base*s + V[i]) % mod;
     796          84 :   return s;
     797             : }
     798             : 
     799             : INLINE long
     800          21 : vecsmall_indexmax(GEN x)
     801             : {
     802          21 :   long i, i0 = 1, t = x[1], lx = lg(x);
     803          84 :   for (i=2; i<lx; i++)
     804          63 :     if (x[i] > t) t = x[i0=i];
     805          21 :   return i0;
     806             : }
     807             : 
     808             : INLINE long
     809     1164424 : vecsmall_max(GEN x)
     810             : {
     811     1164424 :   long i, t = x[1], lx = lg(x);
     812     3383854 :   for (i=2; i<lx; i++)
     813     2219430 :     if (x[i] > t) t = x[i];
     814     1164424 :   return t;
     815             : }
     816             : 
     817             : INLINE long
     818          21 : vecsmall_indexmin(GEN x)
     819             : {
     820          21 :   long i, i0 = 1, t = x[1], lx =lg(x);
     821          84 :   for (i=2; i<lx; i++)
     822          63 :     if (x[i] < t) t = x[i0=i];
     823          21 :   return i0;
     824             : }
     825             : 
     826             : INLINE long
     827        2345 : vecsmall_min(GEN x)
     828             : {
     829        2345 :   long i, t = x[1], lx =lg(x);
     830       16415 :   for (i=2; i<lx; i++)
     831       14070 :     if (x[i] < t) t = x[i];
     832        2345 :   return t;
     833             : }
     834             : 
     835             : INLINE int
     836    23233640 : ZV_isscalar(GEN x)
     837             : {
     838    23233640 :   long l = lg(x);
     839    55101130 :   while (--l > 1)
     840    54667246 :     if (signe(gel(x, l))) return 0;
     841      433884 :   return 1;
     842             : }
     843             : INLINE int
     844    54415362 : QV_isscalar(GEN x)
     845             : {
     846    54415362 :   long lx = lg(x),i;
     847    70421341 :   for (i=2; i<lx; i++)
     848    66460665 :     if (!isintzero(gel(x, i))) return 0;
     849     3960676 :   return 1;
     850             : }
     851             : INLINE int
     852     1210277 : RgV_isscalar(GEN x)
     853             : {
     854     1210277 :   long lx = lg(x),i;
     855     1236546 :   for (i=2; i<lx; i++)
     856     1232840 :     if (!gequal0(gel(x, i))) return 0;
     857        3706 :   return 1;
     858             : }
     859             : INLINE int
     860           0 : RgX_isscalar(GEN x)
     861             : {
     862             :   long i;
     863           0 :   for (i=lg(x)-1; i>2; i--)
     864           0 :     if (!gequal0(gel(x, i))) return 0;
     865           0 :   return 1;
     866             : }
     867             : INLINE long
     868    26883176 : RgX_equal_var(GEN x, GEN y) { return varn(x) == varn(y) && RgX_equal(x,y); }
     869             : INLINE GEN
     870         140 : RgX_to_RgV(GEN x, long N) { x = RgX_to_RgC(x, N); settyp(x, t_VEC); return x; }
     871             : 
     872             : #define RgX_type_code(t1,t2) ((t1 << 6) | t2)
     873             : 
     874             : INLINE int
     875       68165 : RgX_is_rational(GEN x)
     876             : {
     877             :   long i;
     878      310101 :   for (i = lg(x)-1; i > 1; i--)
     879      294096 :     if (!is_rational_t(typ(gel(x,i)))) return 0;
     880       16005 :   return 1;
     881             : }
     882             : INLINE int
     883    22423576 : RgX_is_ZX(GEN x)
     884             : {
     885             :   long i;
     886    82876793 :   for (i = lg(x)-1; i > 1; i--)
     887    62235180 :     if (typ(gel(x,i)) != t_INT) return 0;
     888    20641613 :   return 1;
     889             : }
     890             : INLINE int
     891      399934 : RgX_is_QX(GEN x)
     892             : {
     893      399934 :   long k = lg(x)-1;
     894     1496610 :   for ( ; k>1; k--)
     895     1096970 :     if (!is_rational_t(typ(gel(x,k)))) return 0;
     896      399640 :   return 1;
     897             : }
     898             : INLINE int
     899     1331780 : RgX_is_monomial(GEN x)
     900             : {
     901             :   long i;
     902     1331780 :   if (!signe(x)) return 0;
     903     3341132 :   for (i=lg(x)-2; i>1; i--)
     904     2653625 :     if (!isexactzero(gel(x,i))) return 0;
     905      687507 :   return 1;
     906             : }
     907             : INLINE int
     908    32156428 : RgV_is_ZV(GEN x)
     909             : {
     910             :   long i;
     911   127581060 :   for (i = lg(x)-1; i > 0; i--)
     912    95457455 :     if (typ(gel(x,i)) != t_INT) return 0;
     913    32123605 :   return 1;
     914             : }
     915             : INLINE int
     916      140730 : RgV_is_QV(GEN x)
     917             : {
     918             :   long i;
     919      622923 :   for (i = lg(x)-1; i > 0; i--)
     920      485147 :     if (!is_rational_t(typ(gel(x,i)))) return 0;
     921      137776 :   return 1;
     922             : }
     923             : INLINE long
     924      110144 : RgV_isin_i(GEN v, GEN x, long n)
     925             : {
     926             :   long i;
     927     1033465 :   for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
     928     1026717 :     if (gequal(gel(v,i), x)) return i;
     929        6748 :   return 0;
     930             : }
     931             : INLINE long
     932      110144 : RgV_isin(GEN v, GEN x) { return RgV_isin_i(v, x, lg(v)-1); }
     933             : 
     934             : /********************************************************************/
     935             : /**                                                                **/
     936             : /**            Dynamic arrays implementation                       **/
     937             : /**                                                                **/
     938             : /********************************************************************/
     939             : INLINE void **
     940  1025096071 : pari_stack_base(pari_stack *s) { return s->data; }
     941             : 
     942             : INLINE void
     943     6050919 : pari_stack_init(pari_stack *s, size_t size, void **data)
     944             : {
     945     6050919 :   s->data = data;
     946     6050919 :   *data = NULL;
     947     6050919 :   s->n = 0;
     948     6050919 :   s->alloc = 0;
     949     6050919 :   s->size = size;
     950     6050919 : }
     951             : 
     952             : INLINE void
     953  1019547819 : pari_stack_alloc(pari_stack *s, long nb)
     954             : {
     955  1019547819 :   void **sdat = pari_stack_base(s);
     956  1019436831 :   long alloc = s->alloc;
     957  1019436831 :   if (s->n+nb <= alloc) return;
     958     2249080 :   if (!alloc)
     959     2151078 :     alloc = nb;
     960             :   else
     961             :   {
     962      199078 :     while (s->n+nb > alloc) alloc <<= 1;
     963             :   }
     964     2249080 :   pari_realloc_ip(sdat,alloc*s->size);
     965     2249656 :   s->alloc = alloc;
     966             : }
     967             : 
     968             : INLINE long
     969   924861165 : pari_stack_new(pari_stack *s) { pari_stack_alloc(s, 1); return s->n++; }
     970             : 
     971             : INLINE void
     972     5581494 : pari_stack_delete(pari_stack *s)
     973             : {
     974     5581494 :   void **sdat = pari_stack_base(s);
     975     5568428 :   if (*sdat) pari_free(*sdat);
     976     5598991 : }
     977             : 
     978             : INLINE void
     979        5851 : pari_stack_pushp(pari_stack *s, void *u)
     980             : {
     981        5851 :   long n = pari_stack_new(s);
     982        5851 :   void **sdat =(void**) *pari_stack_base(s);
     983        5851 :   sdat[n] = u;
     984        5851 : }
     985             : 
     986             : /*******************************************************************/
     987             : /*                                                                 */
     988             : /*                            EXTRACT                              */
     989             : /*                                                                 */
     990             : /*******************************************************************/
     991             : INLINE GEN
     992   656171455 : vecslice(GEN A, long y1, long y2)
     993             : {
     994   656171455 :   long i,lB = y2 - y1 + 2;
     995   656171455 :   GEN B = cgetg(lB, typ(A));
     996  2919220969 :   for (i=1; i<lB; i++) B[i] = A[y1-1+i];
     997   656156407 :   return B;
     998             : }
     999             : INLINE GEN
    1000     2689539 : vecslicepermute(GEN A, GEN p, long y1, long y2)
    1001             : {
    1002     2689539 :   long i,lB = y2 - y1 + 2;
    1003     2689539 :   GEN B = cgetg(lB, typ(A));
    1004    30511535 :   for (i=1; i<lB; i++) B[i] = A[p[y1-1+i]];
    1005     2689528 :   return B;
    1006             : }
    1007             : /* rowslice(rowpermute(A,p), x1, x2) */
    1008             : INLINE GEN
    1009      184699 : rowslicepermute(GEN x, GEN p, long j1, long j2)
    1010      781331 : { pari_APPLY_same(vecslicepermute(gel(x,i),p,j1,j2)) }
    1011             : 
    1012             : INLINE GEN
    1013    79319208 : rowslice(GEN x, long j1, long j2)
    1014   672080930 : { pari_APPLY_same(vecslice(gel(x,i), j1, j2)) }
    1015             : 
    1016             : INLINE GEN
    1017    16818127 : matslice(GEN A, long x1, long x2, long y1, long y2)
    1018    16818127 : { return rowslice(vecslice(A, y1, y2), x1, x2); }
    1019             : 
    1020             : /* shallow, remove coeff of index j */
    1021             : INLINE GEN
    1022         273 : rowsplice(GEN x, long j)
    1023        1225 : { pari_APPLY_same(vecsplice(gel(x,i), j)) }
    1024             : 
    1025             : /* shallow, remove coeff of index j */
    1026             : INLINE GEN
    1027      384921 : vecsplice(GEN a, long j)
    1028             : {
    1029      384921 :   long i, k, l = lg(a);
    1030             :   GEN b;
    1031      384921 :   if (l == 1) pari_err(e_MISC, "incorrect component in vecsplice");
    1032      384921 :   b = cgetg(l-1, typ(a));
    1033     1593598 :   for (i = k = 1; i < l; i++)
    1034     1208679 :     if (i != j) gel(b, k++) = gel(a,i);
    1035      384919 :   return b;
    1036             : }
    1037             : /* shallow */
    1038             : INLINE GEN
    1039        1036 : RgM_minor(GEN a, long i, long j)
    1040             : {
    1041        1036 :   GEN b = vecsplice(a, j);
    1042        1036 :   long k, l = lg(b);
    1043        4242 :   for (k = 1; k < l; k++) gel(b,k) = vecsplice(gel(b,k), i);
    1044        1036 :   return b;
    1045             : }
    1046             : 
    1047             : /* A[x0,] */
    1048             : INLINE GEN
    1049      763882 : row(GEN x, long j)
    1050     6692631 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_VEC, gcoeff(x, j, i)) }
    1051             : INLINE GEN
    1052     8741196 : Flm_row(GEN x, long j)
    1053   231875963 : { pari_APPLY_ulong((ulong)coeff(x, j, i)) }
    1054             : /* A[x0,] */
    1055             : INLINE GEN
    1056      204988 : rowcopy(GEN x, long j)
    1057     2105509 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_VEC, gcopy(gcoeff(x, j, i))) }
    1058             : /* A[x0, x1..x2] */
    1059             : INLINE GEN
    1060         987 : row_i(GEN A, long x0, long x1, long x2)
    1061             : {
    1062         987 :   long i, lB = x2 - x1 + 2;
    1063         987 :   GEN B  = cgetg(lB, t_VEC);
    1064        2989 :   for (i=x1; i<=x2; i++) gel(B, i) = gcoeff(A, x0, i);
    1065         987 :   return B;
    1066             : }
    1067             : 
    1068             : INLINE GEN
    1069      697235 : vecreverse(GEN A)
    1070             : {
    1071             :   long i, l;
    1072      697235 :   GEN B = cgetg_copy(A, &l);
    1073     2408385 :   for (i=1; i<l; i++) gel(B, i) = gel(A, l-i);
    1074      697235 :   return B;
    1075             : }
    1076             : 
    1077             : INLINE GEN
    1078        3052 : vecsmall_reverse(GEN A)
    1079             : {
    1080             :   long i, l;
    1081        3052 :   GEN B = cgetg_copy(A, &l);
    1082       12698 :   for (i=1; i<l; i++) B[i] = A[l-i];
    1083        3052 :   return B;
    1084             : }
    1085             : 
    1086             : INLINE void
    1087        2605 : vecreverse_inplace(GEN y)
    1088             : {
    1089        2605 :   long l = lg(y), lim = l>>1, i;
    1090        8312 :   for (i = 1; i <= lim; i++)
    1091             :   {
    1092        5707 :     GEN z = gel(y,i);
    1093        5707 :     gel(y,i)    = gel(y,l-i);
    1094        5707 :     gel(y,l-i) = z;
    1095             :   }
    1096        2605 : }
    1097             : 
    1098             : INLINE GEN
    1099    78698845 : vecsmallpermute(GEN A, GEN p) { return perm_mul(A, p); }
    1100             : 
    1101             : INLINE GEN
    1102    20542511 : vecpermute(GEN A, GEN x)
    1103   115178887 : { pari_APPLY_type(typ(A), gel(A, x[i])) }
    1104             : 
    1105             : INLINE GEN
    1106     9372706 : veclast(GEN A) { return gel(A, lg(A)-1); }
    1107             : 
    1108             : INLINE GEN
    1109    14705446 : rowpermute(GEN x, GEN p)
    1110   102227837 : { pari_APPLY_same(typ(gel(x,i)) == t_VECSMALL ? vecsmallpermute(gel(x, i), p)
    1111             :                                               : vecpermute(gel(x, i), p))
    1112             : }
    1113             : /*******************************************************************/
    1114             : /*                                                                 */
    1115             : /*                          PERMUTATIONS                           */
    1116             : /*                                                                 */
    1117             : /*******************************************************************/
    1118             : INLINE GEN
    1119     3265592 : identity_zv(long n)
    1120             : {
    1121     3265592 :   GEN v = cgetg(n+1, t_VECSMALL);
    1122             :   long i;
    1123    32945861 :   for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) v[i] = i;
    1124     3265576 :   return v;
    1125             : }
    1126             : INLINE GEN
    1127        8113 : identity_ZV(long n)
    1128             : {
    1129        8113 :   GEN v = cgetg(n+1, t_VEC);
    1130             :   long i;
    1131      169078 :   for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) gel(v,i) = utoipos(i);
    1132        8113 :   return v;
    1133             : }
    1134             : /* identity permutation */
    1135             : INLINE GEN
    1136     3241243 : identity_perm(long n) { return identity_zv(n); }
    1137             : 
    1138             : /* assume d <= n */
    1139             : INLINE GEN
    1140       99911 : cyclic_perm(long n, long d)
    1141             : {
    1142       99911 :   GEN perm = cgetg(n+1, t_VECSMALL);
    1143             :   long i;
    1144      520240 :   for (i = 1; i <= n-d; i++) perm[i] = i+d;
    1145      226702 :   for (     ; i <= n;   i++) perm[i] = i-n+d;
    1146       99911 :   return perm;
    1147             : }
    1148             : 
    1149             : /* Multiply (compose) two permutations */
    1150             : INLINE GEN
    1151    80894258 : perm_mul(GEN s, GEN x)
    1152  1025312405 : { pari_APPLY_long(s[x[i]]) }
    1153             : 
    1154             : INLINE GEN
    1155         728 : perm_sqr(GEN x)
    1156       18284 : { pari_APPLY_long(x[x[i]]) }
    1157             : 
    1158             : /* Compute the inverse (reciprocal) of a permutation. */
    1159             : INLINE GEN
    1160     2781878 : perm_inv(GEN x)
    1161             : {
    1162             :   long i, lx;
    1163     2781878 :   GEN y = cgetg_copy(x, &lx);
    1164    39151554 :   for (i=1; i<lx; i++) y[ x[i] ] = i;
    1165     2781874 :   return y;
    1166             : }
    1167             : /* Return s*t*s^-1 */
    1168             : INLINE GEN
    1169      418299 : perm_conj(GEN s, GEN t)
    1170             : {
    1171             :   long i, l;
    1172      418299 :   GEN v = cgetg_copy(s, &l);
    1173     6857893 :   for (i = 1; i < l; i++) v[ s[i] ] = s[ t[i] ];
    1174      418299 :   return v;
    1175             : }
    1176             : 
    1177             : INLINE void
    1178   509193012 : pari_free(void *pointer)
    1179             : {
    1180   509193012 :   BLOCK_SIGINT_START;
    1181   509264495 :   free(pointer);
    1182   509264495 :   BLOCK_SIGINT_END;
    1183   509257341 : }
    1184             : INLINE void*
    1185   745082750 : pari_malloc(size_t size)
    1186             : {
    1187   745082750 :   if (size)
    1188             :   {
    1189             :     char *tmp;
    1190   745087628 :     BLOCK_SIGINT_START;
    1191   745161582 :     tmp = (char*)malloc(size);
    1192   745161582 :     BLOCK_SIGINT_END;
    1193   745153684 :     if (!tmp) pari_err(e_MEM);
    1194   745160878 :     return tmp;
    1195             :   }
    1196           0 :   return NULL;
    1197             : }
    1198             : INLINE void*
    1199        1890 : pari_realloc(void *pointer, size_t size)
    1200             : {
    1201             :   char *tmp;
    1202             : 
    1203        1890 :   BLOCK_SIGINT_START;
    1204        1890 :   if (!pointer) tmp = (char *) malloc(size);
    1205        1890 :   else tmp = (char *) realloc(pointer,size);
    1206        1890 :   BLOCK_SIGINT_END;
    1207        1890 :   if (!tmp) pari_err(e_MEM);
    1208        1890 :   return tmp;
    1209             : }
    1210             : INLINE void
    1211     2256118 : pari_realloc_ip(void **pointer, size_t size)
    1212             : {
    1213             :   char *tmp;
    1214     2256118 :   BLOCK_SIGINT_START;
    1215     2256088 :   if (!*pointer) tmp = (char *) malloc(size);
    1216      105450 :   else tmp = (char *) realloc(*pointer,size);
    1217     2256088 :   if (!tmp) pari_err(e_MEM);
    1218     2256088 :   *pointer = tmp;
    1219     2256088 :   BLOCK_SIGINT_END;
    1220     2255925 : }
    1221             : 
    1222             : INLINE void*
    1223       47713 : pari_calloc(size_t size)
    1224             : {
    1225       47713 :   void *t = pari_malloc(size);
    1226       47713 :   memset(t, 0, size); return t;
    1227             : }
    1228             : INLINE GEN
    1229       10166 : cgetalloc(size_t l, long t)
    1230             : { /* evallg may raise e_OVERFLOW, which would leak x */
    1231       10166 :   ulong x0 = evaltyp(t) | evallg(l);
    1232       10166 :   GEN x = (GEN)pari_malloc(l * sizeof(long));
    1233       10166 :   x[0] = x0; return x;
    1234             : }
    1235             : 
    1236             : /*******************************************************************/
    1237             : /*                                                                 */
    1238             : /*                       GARBAGE COLLECTION                        */
    1239             : /*                                                                 */
    1240             : /*******************************************************************/
    1241             : /* copy integer x as if we had set_avma(av) */
    1242             : INLINE GEN
    1243  8035082774 : icopy_avma(GEN x, pari_sp av)
    1244             : {
    1245  8035082774 :   long i = lgefint(x), lx = i;
    1246  8035082774 :   GEN y = ((GEN)av) - i;
    1247 58356063567 :   while (--i > 0) y[i] = x[i];
    1248  8035082774 :   y[0] = evaltyp(t_INT)|evallg(lx);
    1249  8038212228 :   return y;
    1250             : }
    1251             : /* copy leaf x as if we had set_avma(av) */
    1252             : INLINE GEN
    1253   577275042 : leafcopy_avma(GEN x, pari_sp av)
    1254             : {
    1255   577275042 :   long i = lg(x);
    1256   577275042 :   GEN y = ((GEN)av) - i;
    1257  3072506333 :   while (--i > 0) y[i] = x[i];
    1258   577275042 :   y[0] = x[0] & (~CLONEBIT);
    1259   577275042 :   return y;
    1260             : }
    1261             : INLINE GEN
    1262  1135301704 : gc_leaf(pari_sp av, GEN x)
    1263             : {
    1264             :   long lx;
    1265             :   GEN q;
    1266             : 
    1267  1135301704 :   if (!isonstack(x) || (GEN)av<=x) return gc_const(av,x);
    1268  1134039456 :   lx = lg(x);
    1269  1134039456 :   q = ((GEN)av) - lx;
    1270  1134039456 :   set_avma((pari_sp)q);
    1271 11288606428 :   while (--lx >= 0) q[lx] = x[lx];
    1272  1133764553 :   return q;
    1273             : }
    1274             : INLINE GEN
    1275  4106957649 : gc_INT(pari_sp av, GEN x)
    1276             : {
    1277  4106957649 :   if (!isonstack(x) || (GEN)av<=x) return gc_const(av,x);
    1278  3658988373 :   set_avma((pari_sp)icopy_avma(x, av));
    1279  3662507593 :   return (GEN)avma;
    1280             : }
    1281             : INLINE void
    1282     8490619 : gc_INT_affii(pari_sp av, GEN x, GEN *y)
    1283             : {
    1284     8490619 :   long l = lg(*y);
    1285     8490619 :   if (lgefint(x) <= l && isonstack(*y))
    1286             :   {
    1287     6836864 :     affii(x,*y);
    1288     6839352 :     set_avma(av);
    1289             :   }
    1290             :   else
    1291     1653554 :     *y = gc_INT(av, x);
    1292     8502674 : }
    1293             : INLINE GEN
    1294  1951907082 : gc_upto(pari_sp av, GEN q)
    1295             : {
    1296  1951907082 :   if (!isonstack(q) || (GEN)av<=q) return gc_const(av,q);
    1297  1759919989 :   switch(typ(q))
    1298             :   { /* first all non recursive types */
    1299   528865306 :     case t_INT: return gc_INT(av, q);
    1300   348768850 :     case t_REAL:
    1301             :     case t_STR:
    1302   348768850 :     case t_VECSMALL: return gc_leaf(av,q);
    1303   882290083 :     default: return (GEN)((pari_sp)q + gc_stack_update(av, (pari_sp)(q+lg(q))));
    1304             :   }
    1305             : }
    1306             : 
    1307             : /* gc_upto(av, gcopy(x)) */
    1308             : INLINE GEN
    1309   255373925 : gc_GEN(pari_sp av, GEN x)
    1310             : {
    1311   255373925 :   if (is_recursive_t(typ(x)))
    1312             :   {
    1313   218635473 :     GENbin *p = copy_bin(x);
    1314   218663953 :     set_avma(av); return bin_copy(p);
    1315             :   }
    1316             :   else
    1317             :   {
    1318    36737928 :     set_avma(av);
    1319    36740224 :     if (x < (GEN)av) {
    1320    36522891 :       if (x < (GEN)pari_mainstack->bot) new_chunk(lg(x));
    1321    36520010 :       x = leafcopy_avma(x, av);
    1322    36518929 :       set_avma((pari_sp)x);
    1323             :     } else
    1324      217846 :       x = leafcopy(x);
    1325    36734321 :     return x;
    1326             :   }
    1327             : }
    1328             : 
    1329             : INLINE void
    1330    47931521 : guncloneNULL(GEN x) { if (x) gunclone(x); }
    1331             : INLINE void
    1332     1435271 : guncloneNULL_deep(GEN x) { if (x) gunclone_deep(x); }
    1333             : 
    1334             : /* assume 1 <= n < 10 */
    1335             : INLINE GEN
    1336   109576582 : gc_all(pari_sp av, int n, ...)
    1337             : {
    1338             :   int i;
    1339   109576582 :   va_list a; va_start(a, n);
    1340   109576582 :   if (n < 10)
    1341             :   {
    1342             :     GEN *v[10];
    1343   362652279 :     for (i=0; i<n; i++) { v[i] = va_arg(a,GEN*); *v[i] = (GEN)copy_bin(*v[i]); }
    1344   109578345 :     set_avma(av);
    1345   362656996 :     for (i=0; i<n; i++) *v[i] = bin_copy((GENbin*)*v[i]);
    1346   109579879 :     va_end(a); return *v[0];
    1347             :   }
    1348             :   else
    1349             :   {
    1350           0 :     GEN z, **v = (GEN**)pari_malloc(n*sizeof(GEN*));
    1351           0 :     for (i=0; i<n; i++) { v[i] = va_arg(a,GEN*); *v[i] = (GEN)copy_bin(*v[i]); }
    1352           0 :     set_avma(av);
    1353           0 :     for (i=0; i<n; i++) *v[i] = bin_copy((GENbin*)*v[i]);
    1354           0 :     z = *v[0]; pari_free(v); va_end(a); return z;
    1355             :   }
    1356             : }
    1357             : 
    1358             : INLINE void
    1359     2204041 : gc_slice(pari_sp av, GEN x, int n)
    1360             : {
    1361             :   int i;
    1362    26241545 :   for (i=0; i<n; i++) gel(x,i) = (GEN)copy_bin(gel(x,i));
    1363     2204387 :   set_avma(av);
    1364    26242524 :   for (i=0; i<n; i++) gel(x,i) = bin_copy((GENbin*)x[i]);
    1365     2204187 : }
    1366             : 
    1367             : /* p from copy_bin. Copy p->x back to stack, then destroy p */
    1368             : INLINE GEN
    1369   495823575 : bin_copy(GENbin *p)
    1370             : {
    1371             :   GEN x, y, base;
    1372             :   long dx, len;
    1373             : 
    1374   495823575 :   x   = p->x; if (!x) { pari_free(p); return gen_0; }
    1375   465633121 :   len = p->len;
    1376   465633121 :   base= p->base; dx = x - base;
    1377   465633121 :   y = (GEN)memcpy((void*)new_chunk(len), (void*)GENbinbase(p), len*sizeof(long));
    1378   465622958 :   y += dx;
    1379   465622958 :   p->rebase(y, ((ulong)y-(ulong)x));
    1380   465625251 :   pari_free(p); return y;
    1381             : }
    1382             : 
    1383             : INLINE GEN
    1384   961453398 : GENbinbase(GENbin *p) { return (GEN)(p + 1); }
    1385             : 
    1386             : INLINE void
    1387   102261301 : cgiv(GEN x)
    1388             : {
    1389   102261301 :   pari_sp av = (pari_sp)(x+lg(x));
    1390   102261301 :   if (isonstack((GEN)av)) set_avma(av);
    1391   102275779 : }
    1392             : 
    1393             : INLINE void
    1394     1920356 : killblock(GEN x) { gunclone(x); }
    1395             : 
    1396             : INLINE int
    1397   325769908 : is_universal_constant(GEN x) { return (x >= gen_0 && x <= ghalf); }
    1398             : 
    1399             : /*******************************************************************/
    1400             : /*                                                                 */
    1401             : /*                    CONVERSION / ASSIGNMENT                      */
    1402             : /*                                                                 */
    1403             : /*******************************************************************/
    1404             : /* z is a type which may be a t_COMPLEX component (not a t_QUAD) */
    1405             : INLINE GEN
    1406    18210290 : cxcompotor(GEN z, long prec)
    1407             : {
    1408    18210290 :   switch(typ(z))
    1409             :   {
    1410    11780454 :     case t_INT:  return itor(z, prec);
    1411      293678 :     case t_FRAC: return fractor(z, prec);
    1412     6136379 :     case t_REAL: return rtor(z, prec);
    1413           0 :     default: pari_err_TYPE("cxcompotor",z);
    1414             :              return NULL; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE */
    1415             :   }
    1416             : }
    1417             : INLINE GEN
    1418     9079302 : cxtofp(GEN x, long prec)
    1419     9079302 : { retmkcomplex(cxcompotor(gel(x,1),prec), cxcompotor(gel(x,2),prec)); }
    1420             : 
    1421             : INLINE GEN
    1422      337201 : cxtoreal(GEN q)
    1423      337201 : { return (typ(q) == t_COMPLEX && gequal0(gel(q,2)))? gel(q,1): q; }
    1424             : 
    1425             : INLINE double
    1426    60779366 : gtodouble(GEN x)
    1427             : {
    1428    60779366 :   if (typ(x)!=t_REAL) {
    1429     8279558 :     pari_sp av = avma;
    1430     8279558 :     x = gtofp(x, DEFAULTPREC);
    1431     8278847 :     if (typ(x)!=t_REAL) pari_err_TYPE("gtodouble [t_REAL expected]", x);
    1432     8278847 :     set_avma(av);
    1433             :   }
    1434    60778548 :   return rtodbl(x);
    1435             : }
    1436             : 
    1437             : INLINE int
    1438     2991980 : gisdouble(GEN x, double *g)
    1439             : {
    1440     2991980 :   if (typ(x)!=t_REAL) {
    1441       42376 :     pari_sp av = avma;
    1442       42376 :     x = gtofp(x, DEFAULTPREC);
    1443       42376 :     if (typ(x)!=t_REAL) return gc_double(av, 0);
    1444       42376 :     set_avma(av);
    1445             :   }
    1446     2991985 :   if (expo(x) >= 0x3ff) return 0;
    1447     2991985 :   *g = rtodbl(x); return 1;
    1448             : }
    1449             : 
    1450             : INLINE long
    1451    85855590 : gtos(GEN x) {
    1452    85855590 :   if (typ(x) != t_INT) pari_err_TYPE("gtos [integer expected]",x);
    1453    85855576 :   return itos(x);
    1454             : }
    1455             : 
    1456             : INLINE ulong
    1457       99448 : gtou(GEN x) {
    1458       99448 :   if (typ(x) != t_INT || signe(x)<0)
    1459           0 :     pari_err_TYPE("gtou [integer >=0 expected]",x);
    1460       99448 :   return itou(x);
    1461             : }
    1462             : 
    1463             : INLINE GEN
    1464    46638429 : absfrac(GEN x)
    1465             : {
    1466    46638429 :   GEN y = cgetg(3, t_FRAC);
    1467    46638465 :   gel(y,1) = absi(gel(x,1));
    1468    46638468 :   gel(y,2) = icopy(gel(x,2)); return y;
    1469             : }
    1470             : INLINE GEN
    1471       28237 : absfrac_shallow(GEN x)
    1472       28237 : { return signe(gel(x,1))>0? x: mkfrac(negi(gel(x,1)), gel(x,2)); }
    1473             : INLINE GEN
    1474     8062625 : Q_abs(GEN x) { return (typ(x) == t_INT)? absi(x): absfrac(x); }
    1475             : INLINE GEN
    1476      120231 : Q_abs_shallow(GEN x)
    1477      120231 : { return (typ(x) == t_INT)? absi_shallow(x): absfrac_shallow(x); }
    1478             : INLINE GEN
    1479       13097 : R_abs_shallow(GEN x)
    1480       13097 : { return (typ(x) == t_FRAC)? absfrac_shallow(x): mpabs_shallow(x); }
    1481             : INLINE GEN
    1482           0 : R_abs(GEN x)
    1483           0 : { return (typ(x) == t_FRAC)? absfrac(x): mpabs(x); }
    1484             : 
    1485             : /* Force z to be of type real/complex with floating point components */
    1486             : INLINE GEN
    1487   254301829 : gtofp(GEN z, long prec)
    1488             : {
    1489   254301829 :   switch(typ(z))
    1490             :   {
    1491   215402807 :     case t_INT:  return itor(z, prec);
    1492     4097293 :     case t_FRAC: return fractor(z, prec);
    1493    26029789 :     case t_REAL: return rtor(z, prec);
    1494     8779226 :     case t_COMPLEX: {
    1495     8779226 :       GEN a = gel(z,1), b = gel(z,2);
    1496     8779226 :       if (isintzero(b)) return cxcompotor(a, prec);
    1497     8779239 :       if (isintzero(a)) {
    1498       27468 :         GEN y = cgetg(3, t_COMPLEX);
    1499       27468 :         b = cxcompotor(b, prec);
    1500       27468 :         gel(y,1) = real_0_bit(expo(b) - prec);
    1501       27468 :         gel(y,2) = b; return y;
    1502             :       }
    1503     8751760 :       return cxtofp(z, prec);
    1504             :     }
    1505           0 :     case t_QUAD: return quadtofp(z, prec);
    1506           0 :     default: pari_err_TYPE("gtofp",z);
    1507             :              return NULL; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE */
    1508             :   }
    1509             : }
    1510             : /* Force z to be of type real / int */
    1511             : INLINE GEN
    1512       22428 : gtomp(GEN z, long prec)
    1513             : {
    1514       22428 :   switch(typ(z))
    1515             :   {
    1516          42 :     case t_INT:  return z;
    1517       22386 :     case t_FRAC: return fractor(z, prec);
    1518           0 :     case t_REAL: return rtor(z, prec);
    1519           0 :     case t_QUAD: z = quadtofp(z, prec);
    1520           0 :                  if (typ(z) == t_REAL) return z;
    1521           0 :     default: pari_err_TYPE("gtomp",z);
    1522             :              return NULL; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE */
    1523             :   }
    1524             : }
    1525             : 
    1526             : INLINE GEN
    1527     7144827 : RgX_gtofp(GEN x, long prec)
    1528    37263612 : { pari_APPLY_pol_normalized(gtofp(gel(x,i), prec)); }
    1529             : 
    1530             : INLINE GEN
    1531    34030267 : RgC_gtofp(GEN x, long prec)
    1532   219221510 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_COL, gtofp(gel(x,i), prec)) }
    1533             : 
    1534             : INLINE GEN
    1535          56 : RgV_gtofp(GEN x, long prec)
    1536        4781 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_VEC, gtofp(gel(x,i), prec)) }
    1537             : 
    1538             : INLINE GEN
    1539     8257757 : RgM_gtofp(GEN x, long prec)
    1540    41656561 : { pari_APPLY_same(RgC_gtofp(gel(x,i), prec)) }
    1541             : 
    1542             : INLINE GEN
    1543         574 : RgC_gtomp(GEN x, long prec)
    1544       23002 : { pari_APPLY_type(t_COL, gtomp(gel(x,i), prec)) }
    1545             : 
    1546             : INLINE GEN
    1547          21 : RgM_gtomp(GEN x, long prec)
    1548         595 : { pari_APPLY_same(RgC_gtomp(gel(x,i), prec)) }
    1549             : 
    1550             : INLINE GEN
    1551       61495 : RgX_fpnorml2(GEN x, long prec)
    1552             : {
    1553       61495 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    1554       61495 :   return gc_upto(av, gnorml2(RgX_gtofp(x, prec)));
    1555             : }
    1556             : INLINE GEN
    1557      619833 : RgC_fpnorml2(GEN x, long prec)
    1558             : {
    1559      619833 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    1560      619833 :   return gc_upto(av, gnorml2(RgC_gtofp(x, prec)));
    1561             : }
    1562             : INLINE GEN
    1563       22661 : RgM_fpnorml2(GEN x, long prec)
    1564             : {
    1565       22661 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    1566       22661 :   return gc_upto(av, gnorml2(RgM_gtofp(x, prec)));
    1567             : }
    1568             : 
    1569             : /* y a t_REAL */
    1570             : INLINE void
    1571      898866 : affgr(GEN x, GEN y)
    1572             : {
    1573      898866 :   switch(typ(x)) {
    1574      289072 :     case t_INT:  affir(x,y); break;
    1575      609794 :     case t_REAL: affrr(x,y); break;
    1576           0 :     case t_FRAC: rdiviiz(gel(x,1),gel(x,2), y); break;
    1577           0 :     default: pari_err_TYPE2("=",x,y);
    1578             :   }
    1579      898866 : }
    1580             : 
    1581             : INLINE GEN
    1582      249622 : affc_fixlg(GEN x, GEN res)
    1583             : {
    1584      249622 :   if (typ(x) == t_COMPLEX)
    1585             :   {
    1586      206892 :     affrr_fixlg(gel(x,1), gel(res,1));
    1587      206892 :     affrr_fixlg(gel(x,2), gel(res,2));
    1588             :   }
    1589             :   else
    1590             :   {
    1591       42730 :     set_avma((pari_sp)(res+3));
    1592       42730 :     res = cgetr(realprec(gel(res,1)));
    1593       42731 :     affrr_fixlg(x, res);
    1594             :   }
    1595      249623 :   return res;
    1596             : }
    1597             : 
    1598             : INLINE GEN
    1599           0 : trunc_safe(GEN x) { long e; return gcvtoi(x,&e); }
    1600             : 
    1601             : /*******************************************************************/
    1602             : /*                                                                 */
    1603             : /*                          LENGTH CONVERSIONS                     */
    1604             : /*                                                                 */
    1605             : /*******************************************************************/
    1606             : INLINE long
    1607       41549 : ndec2nlong(long x) { return 1 + (long)((x)*(LOG2_10/BITS_IN_LONG)); }
    1608             : INLINE long
    1609       33279 : ndec2prec(long x) { return ndec2nlong(x) << TWOPOTBITS_IN_LONG; }
    1610             : INLINE long
    1611        8270 : ndec2nbits(long x) { return ndec2nlong(x) << TWOPOTBITS_IN_LONG; }
    1612             : /* Fast implementation of ceil(x / (8*sizeof(long))); typecast to (ulong)
    1613             :  * to avoid overflow. Faster than 1 + ((x-1)>>TWOPOTBITS_IN_LONG)) :
    1614             :  *   addl, shrl instead of subl, sarl, addl */
    1615             : INLINE long
    1616    12750296 : nbits2nlong(long x) {
    1617    12750296 :   return (long)(((ulong)x+BITS_IN_LONG-1) >> TWOPOTBITS_IN_LONG);
    1618             : }
    1619             : 
    1620             : INLINE long
    1621  1456926912 : nbits2extraprec(long x) {
    1622  1456926912 :   return (((ulong)x+BITS_IN_LONG-1)>>TWOPOTBITS_IN_LONG) << TWOPOTBITS_IN_LONG;
    1623             : }
    1624             : 
    1625             : INLINE long
    1626   186127931 : nbits2prec(long x) {
    1627   186127931 :   return (((ulong)x+BITS_IN_LONG-1)>>TWOPOTBITS_IN_LONG) << TWOPOTBITS_IN_LONG;
    1628             : }
    1629             : 
    1630             : INLINE long
    1631  4468176244 : prec2lg(long x) {
    1632  4468176244 :   return (long)(((ulong)x+3*BITS_IN_LONG-1) >> TWOPOTBITS_IN_LONG);
    1633             : }
    1634             : /* ceil(x / sizeof(long)) */
    1635             : INLINE long
    1636   127385043 : nchar2nlong(long x) {
    1637   127385043 :   return (long)(((ulong)x+sizeof(long)-1) >> (TWOPOTBITS_IN_LONG-3L));
    1638             : }
    1639             : INLINE long
    1640   103961707 : prec2nbits(long x) { return x; }
    1641             : INLINE double
    1642     3175472 : bit_accuracy_mul(long x, double y) { return (x-2) * (BITS_IN_LONG*y); }
    1643             : INLINE double
    1644      581167 : prec2nbits_mul(long x, double y) { return x * y; }
    1645             : INLINE long
    1646   142806232 : bit_prec(GEN x) { return realprec(x); }
    1647             : INLINE long
    1648  3155645265 : bit_accuracy(long x) { return (x-2) * BITS_IN_LONG; }
    1649             : INLINE long
    1650        9778 : prec2ndec(long x) { return (long)(x * LOG10_2); }
    1651             : INLINE long
    1652         228 : nbits2ndec(long x) { return prec2ndec(x); }
    1653             : INLINE long
    1654      475373 : precdbl(long x) {return x << 1;}
    1655             : INLINE long
    1656  8087125235 : divsBIL(long n) { return n >> TWOPOTBITS_IN_LONG; }
    1657             : INLINE long
    1658  7996190651 : remsBIL(long n) { return n & (BITS_IN_LONG-1); }
    1659             : 
    1660             : /*********************************************************************/
    1661             : /**                                                                 **/
    1662             : /**                      OPERATIONS MODULO m                        **/
    1663             : /**                                                                 **/
    1664             : /*********************************************************************/
    1665             : /* Assume m > 0, more efficient if 0 <= a, b < m */
    1666             : 
    1667             : INLINE GEN
    1668    82191040 : Fp_red(GEN a, GEN m) { return modii(a, m); }
    1669             : INLINE GEN
    1670   181060779 : Fp_add(GEN a, GEN b, GEN m)
    1671             : {
    1672   181060779 :   pari_sp av=avma;
    1673   181060779 :   GEN p = addii(a,b);
    1674   180541570 :   long s = signe(p);
    1675   180541570 :   if (!s) return p; /* = gen_0 */
    1676   167364863 :   if (s > 0) /* general case */
    1677             :   {
    1678   167113845 :     GEN t = subii(p, m);
    1679   166962538 :     s = signe(t);
    1680   166962538 :     if (!s) return gc_const(av, gen_0);
    1681   158691426 :     if (s < 0) return gc_const((pari_sp)p, p);
    1682    76180530 :     if (cmpii(t, m) < 0) return gc_INT(av, t); /* general case ! */
    1683     3289232 :     p = remii(t, m);
    1684             :   }
    1685             :   else
    1686      260255 :     p = modii(p, m);
    1687     3549591 :   return gc_INT(av, p);
    1688             : }
    1689             : INLINE GEN
    1690    20888125 : Fp_double(GEN x, GEN N)
    1691             : {
    1692    20888125 :   GEN z = shifti(x, 1);
    1693    20487729 :   return cmpii(z, N) >= 0? subii(z, N): z;
    1694             : }
    1695             : INLINE GEN
    1696   203177418 : Fp_sub(GEN a, GEN b, GEN m)
    1697             : {
    1698   203177418 :   pari_sp av=avma;
    1699   203177418 :   GEN p = subii(a,b);
    1700   201504278 :   long s = signe(p);
    1701   201504278 :   if (!s) return p; /* = gen_0 */
    1702   185816310 :   if (s > 0)
    1703             :   {
    1704    93055533 :     if (cmpii(p, m) < 0) return p; /* general case ! */
    1705     1446632 :     p = remii(p, m);
    1706             :   }
    1707             :   else
    1708             :   {
    1709    92760777 :     GEN t = addii(p, m);
    1710    94062136 :     if (!s) return gc_const(av, gen_0);
    1711    94056820 :     if (s > 0) return gc_INT(av, t); /* general case ! */
    1712    94056820 :     p = modii(t, m);
    1713             :   }
    1714    95790233 :   return gc_INT(av, p);
    1715             : }
    1716             : INLINE GEN
    1717    31478964 : Fp_neg(GEN b, GEN m)
    1718             : {
    1719    31478964 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    1720    31478964 :   long s = signe(b);
    1721             :   GEN p;
    1722    31478964 :   if (!s) return gen_0;
    1723    26404195 :   if (s > 0)
    1724             :   {
    1725    25143132 :     p = subii(m, b);
    1726    25142749 :     if (signe(p) >= 0) return p; /* general case ! */
    1727      611091 :     p = modii(p, m);
    1728             :   } else
    1729     1261533 :     p = remii(negi(b), m);
    1730     1872727 :   return gc_INT(av, p);
    1731             : }
    1732             : 
    1733             : INLINE GEN
    1734      247138 : Fp_halve(GEN a, GEN p)
    1735             : {
    1736      247138 :   if (mpodd(a)) a = addii(a,p);
    1737      247138 :   return shifti(a,-1);
    1738             : }
    1739             : 
    1740             : /* assume 0 <= u < p and ps2 = p>>1 */
    1741             : INLINE GEN
    1742    77194347 : Fp_center(GEN u, GEN p, GEN ps2)
    1743    77194347 : { return abscmpii(u,ps2)<=0? icopy(u): subii(u,p); }
    1744             : /* same without copy */
    1745             : INLINE GEN
    1746    18016034 : Fp_center_i(GEN u, GEN p, GEN ps2)
    1747    18016034 : { return abscmpii(u,ps2)<=0? u: subii(u,p); }
    1748             : 
    1749             : /* x + y*z mod p */
    1750             : INLINE GEN
    1751    11246108 : Fp_addmul(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z, GEN p)
    1752             : {
    1753             :   pari_sp av;
    1754    11246108 :   if (!signe(y) || !signe(z)) return Fp_red(x, p);
    1755    10780541 :   if (!signe(x)) return Fp_mul(z,y, p);
    1756     9749435 :   av = avma;
    1757     9749435 :   return gc_INT(av, modii(addii(x, mulii(y,z)), p));
    1758             : }
    1759             : 
    1760             : INLINE GEN
    1761   200735852 : Fp_mul(GEN a, GEN b, GEN m)
    1762             : {
    1763   200735852 :   pari_sp av=avma;
    1764             :   GEN p; /*HACK: assume modii use <=lg(p)+(lg(m)<<1) space*/
    1765   200735852 :   (void)new_chunk(lg(a)+lg(b)+(lg(m)<<1));
    1766   200793192 :   p = mulii(a,b);
    1767   200622745 :   set_avma(av); return modii(p,m);
    1768             : }
    1769             : INLINE GEN
    1770    63781873 : Fp_sqr(GEN a, GEN m)
    1771             : {
    1772    63781873 :   pari_sp av=avma;
    1773             :   GEN p; /*HACK: assume modii use <=lg(p)+(lg(m)<<1) space*/
    1774    63781873 :   (void)new_chunk((lg(a)+lg(m))<<1);
    1775    64139521 :   p = sqri(a);
    1776    62401952 :   set_avma(av); return remii(p,m); /*Use remii: p >= 0 */
    1777             : }
    1778             : INLINE GEN
    1779    67481647 : Fp_mulu(GEN a, ulong b, GEN m)
    1780             : {
    1781    67481647 :   long l = lgefint(m);
    1782    67481647 :   if (l == 3)
    1783             :   {
    1784    46008028 :     ulong mm = m[2];
    1785    46008028 :     return utoi( Fl_mul(umodiu(a, mm), b, mm) );
    1786             :   } else {
    1787    21473619 :     pari_sp av = avma;
    1788             :     GEN p; /*HACK: assume modii use <=lg(p)+(lg(m)<<1) space*/
    1789    21473619 :     (void)new_chunk(lg(a)+1+(l<<1));
    1790    21454861 :     p = muliu(a,b);
    1791    21233314 :     set_avma(av); return modii(p,m);
    1792             :   }
    1793             : }
    1794             : INLINE GEN
    1795       17780 : Fp_muls(GEN a, long b, GEN m)
    1796             : {
    1797       17780 :   long l = lgefint(m);
    1798       17780 :   if (l == 3)
    1799             :   {
    1800        3578 :     ulong mm = m[2];
    1801        3578 :     if (b < 0)
    1802             :     {
    1803        3578 :       ulong t = Fl_mul(umodiu(a, mm), -b, mm);
    1804        3578 :       return t? utoipos(mm - t): gen_0;
    1805             :     }
    1806             :     else
    1807           0 :       return utoi( Fl_mul(umodiu(a, mm), b, mm) );
    1808             :   } else {
    1809       14202 :     pari_sp av = avma;
    1810             :     GEN p; /*HACK: assume modii use <=lg(p)+(lg(m)<<1) space*/
    1811       14202 :     (void)new_chunk(lg(a)+1+(l<<1));
    1812       14202 :     p = mulis(a,b);
    1813       14202 :     set_avma(av); return modii(p,m);
    1814             :   }
    1815             : }
    1816             : 
    1817             : INLINE GEN
    1818    23439138 : Fp_inv(GEN a, GEN m)
    1819             : {
    1820             :   GEN res;
    1821    23439138 :   if (! invmod(a,m,&res)) pari_err_INV("Fp_inv", mkintmod(res,m));
    1822    23438920 :   return res;
    1823             : }
    1824             : INLINE GEN
    1825     1100357 : Fp_invsafe(GEN a, GEN m)
    1826             : {
    1827             :   GEN res;
    1828     1100357 :   if (! invmod(a,m,&res)) return NULL;
    1829     1100307 :   return res;
    1830             : }
    1831             : INLINE GEN
    1832    15035267 : Fp_div(GEN a, GEN b, GEN m)
    1833             : {
    1834    15035267 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    1835             :   GEN p;
    1836    15035267 :   if (lgefint(b) == 3)
    1837             :   {
    1838    13890686 :     a = Fp_divu(a, b[2], m);
    1839    13892425 :     if (signe(b) < 0) a = Fp_neg(a, m);
    1840    13892432 :     return a;
    1841             :   }
    1842             :   /*HACK: assume modii use <=lg(p)+(lg(m)<<1) space*/
    1843     1144581 :   (void)new_chunk(lg(a)+(lg(m)<<1));
    1844     1144587 :   p = mulii(a, Fp_inv(b,m));
    1845     1144587 :   set_avma(av); return modii(p,m);
    1846             : }
    1847             : INLINE GEN
    1848    15129720 : Fp_divu(GEN x, ulong a, GEN p)
    1849             : {
    1850    15129720 :   pari_sp av = avma;
    1851             :   ulong b;
    1852    15129720 :   if (lgefint(p) == 3)
    1853             :   {
    1854    14602056 :     ulong pp = p[2], xp = umodiu(x, pp);
    1855    14602872 :     return xp? utoipos(Fl_div(xp, a % pp, pp)): gen_0;
    1856             :   }
    1857      527664 :   x = Fp_red(x, p);
    1858      527670 :   b = Fl_neg(Fl_div(umodiu(x,a), umodiu(p,a), a), a); /* x + pb = 0 (mod a) */
    1859      527670 :   return gc_INT(av, diviuexact(addmuliu(x, p, b), a));
    1860             : }
    1861             : 
    1862             : INLINE GEN
    1863     1105412 : Flx_mulu(GEN x, ulong a, ulong p) { return Flx_Fl_mul(x,a%p,p); }
    1864             : 
    1865             : INLINE GEN
    1866     2499219 : get_F2x_mod(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? gel(T,2): T; }
    1867             : 
    1868             : INLINE long
    1869     2533888 : get_F2x_var(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? mael(T,2,1): T[1]; }
    1870             : 
    1871             : INLINE long
    1872     1928975 : get_F2x_degree(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? F2x_degree(gel(T,2)): F2x_degree(T); }
    1873             : 
    1874             : INLINE GEN
    1875         343 : get_F2xqX_mod(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? gel(T,2): T; }
    1876             : 
    1877             : INLINE long
    1878      375375 : get_F2xqX_var(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? varn(gel(T,2)): varn(T); }
    1879             : 
    1880             : INLINE long
    1881      200851 : get_F2xqX_degree(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? degpol(gel(T,2)): degpol(T); }
    1882             : 
    1883             : INLINE GEN
    1884    25593701 : get_Flx_mod(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? gel(T,2): T; }
    1885             : 
    1886             : INLINE long
    1887    68348023 : get_Flx_var(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? mael(T,2,1): T[1]; }
    1888             : 
    1889             : INLINE long
    1890    82230995 : get_Flx_degree(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? degpol(gel(T,2)): degpol(T); }
    1891             : 
    1892             : INLINE GEN
    1893        8033 : get_FlxqX_mod(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? gel(T,2): T; }
    1894             : 
    1895             : INLINE long
    1896      264420 : get_FlxqX_var(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? varn(gel(T,2)): varn(T); }
    1897             : 
    1898             : INLINE long
    1899      317565 : get_FlxqX_degree(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? degpol(gel(T,2)): degpol(T); }
    1900             : 
    1901             : INLINE GEN
    1902     3394358 : get_FpX_mod(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? gel(T,2): T; }
    1903             : 
    1904             : INLINE long
    1905     6957847 : get_FpX_var(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? varn(gel(T,2)): varn(T); }
    1906             : 
    1907             : INLINE long
    1908     6424515 : get_FpX_degree(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? degpol(gel(T,2)): degpol(T); }
    1909             : 
    1910             : INLINE GEN
    1911      146583 : get_FpXQX_mod(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? gel(T,2): T; }
    1912             : 
    1913             : INLINE long
    1914       51630 : get_FpXQX_var(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? varn(gel(T,2)): varn(T); }
    1915             : 
    1916             : INLINE long
    1917        3589 : get_FpXQX_degree(GEN T) { return typ(T)==t_VEC? degpol(gel(T,2)): degpol(T); }
    1918             : 
    1919             : /*******************************************************************/
    1920             : /*                                                                 */
    1921             : /*                        ADDMULII / SUBMULII                      */
    1922             : /*                                                                 */
    1923             : /*******************************************************************/
    1924             : /* x - y*z */
    1925             : INLINE GEN
    1926    32838964 : submulii(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z)
    1927             : {
    1928    32838964 :   long lx = lgefint(x), ly, lz;
    1929             :   pari_sp av;
    1930             :   GEN t;
    1931    32838964 :   if (lx == 2) { t = mulii(z,y); togglesign(t); return t; }
    1932    30292741 :   ly = lgefint(y);
    1933    30292741 :   if (ly == 2) return icopy(x);
    1934    29019564 :   lz = lgefint(z);
    1935    29019564 :   av = avma; (void)new_chunk(lx+ly+lz); /* HACK */
    1936    29019564 :   t = mulii(z, y);
    1937    29019564 :   set_avma(av); return subii(x,t);
    1938             : }
    1939             : /* y*z - x */
    1940             : INLINE GEN
    1941     3880946 : mulsubii(GEN y, GEN z, GEN x)
    1942             : {
    1943     3880946 :   long lx = lgefint(x), ly, lz;
    1944             :   pari_sp av;
    1945             :   GEN t;
    1946     3880946 :   if (lx == 2) return mulii(z,y);
    1947     2450819 :   ly = lgefint(y);
    1948     2450819 :   if (ly == 2) return negi(x);
    1949     2166236 :   lz = lgefint(z);
    1950     2166236 :   av = avma; (void)new_chunk(lx+ly+lz); /* HACK */
    1951     2166268 :   t = mulii(z, y);
    1952     2166243 :   set_avma(av); return subii(t,x);
    1953             : }
    1954             : 
    1955             : /* x - u*y */
    1956             : INLINE GEN
    1957        7700 : submuliu(GEN x, GEN y, ulong u)
    1958             : {
    1959             :   pari_sp av;
    1960        7700 :   long ly = lgefint(y);
    1961        7700 :   if (ly == 2) return icopy(x);
    1962        7700 :   av = avma;
    1963        7700 :   (void)new_chunk(3+ly+lgefint(x)); /* HACK */
    1964        7700 :   y = mului(u,y);
    1965        7700 :   set_avma(av); return subii(x, y);
    1966             : }
    1967             : /* x + u*y */
    1968             : INLINE GEN
    1969      535745 : addmuliu(GEN x, GEN y, ulong u)
    1970             : {
    1971             :   pari_sp av;
    1972      535745 :   long ly = lgefint(y);
    1973      535745 :   if (ly == 2) return icopy(x);
    1974      535745 :   av = avma;
    1975      535745 :   (void)new_chunk(3+ly+lgefint(x)); /* HACK */
    1976      535745 :   y = mului(u,y);
    1977      535745 :   set_avma(av); return addii(x, y);
    1978             : }
    1979             : /* x - u*y */
    1980             : INLINE GEN
    1981    60142613 : submuliu_inplace(GEN x, GEN y, ulong u)
    1982             : {
    1983             :   pari_sp av;
    1984    60142613 :   long ly = lgefint(y);
    1985    60142613 :   if (ly == 2) return x;
    1986    38157382 :   av = avma;
    1987    38157382 :   (void)new_chunk(3+ly+lgefint(x)); /* HACK */
    1988    38161215 :   y = mului(u,y);
    1989    38161057 :   set_avma(av); return subii(x, y);
    1990             : }
    1991             : /* x + u*y */
    1992             : INLINE GEN
    1993    59647744 : addmuliu_inplace(GEN x, GEN y, ulong u)
    1994             : {
    1995             :   pari_sp av;
    1996    59647744 :   long ly = lgefint(y);
    1997    59647744 :   if (ly == 2) return x;
    1998    38060569 :   av = avma;
    1999    38060569 :   (void)new_chunk(3+ly+lgefint(x)); /* HACK */
    2000    38064289 :   y = mului(u,y);
    2001    38064177 :   set_avma(av); return addii(x, y);
    2002             : }
    2003             : /* ux + vy */
    2004             : INLINE GEN
    2005    38201617 : lincombii(GEN u, GEN v, GEN x, GEN y)
    2006             : {
    2007    38201617 :   long lx = lgefint(x), ly;
    2008             :   GEN p1, p2;
    2009             :   pari_sp av;
    2010    38201617 :   if (lx == 2) return mulii(v,y);
    2011    24015320 :   ly = lgefint(y);
    2012    24015320 :   if (ly == 2) return mulii(u,x);
    2013    21278933 :   av = avma; (void)new_chunk(lx+ly+lgefint(u)+lgefint(v)); /* HACK */
    2014    21281961 :   p1 = mulii(u,x);
    2015    21280741 :   p2 = mulii(v,y);
    2016    21280742 :   set_avma(av); return addii(p1,p2);
    2017             : }
    2018             : 
    2019             : /*******************************************************************/
    2020             : /*                                                                 */
    2021             : /*                          GEN SUBTYPES                           */
    2022             : /*                                                                 */
    2023             : /*******************************************************************/
    2024             : 
    2025             : INLINE int
    2026  4893063574 : is_const_t(long t) { return (t < t_POLMOD); }
    2027             : INLINE int
    2028        6876 : is_extscalar_t(long t) { return (t <= t_POL); }
    2029             : INLINE int
    2030     9585755 : is_intreal_t(long t) { return (t <= t_REAL); }
    2031             : INLINE int
    2032   659416699 : is_matvec_t(long t) { return (t >= t_VEC && t <= t_MAT); }
    2033             : INLINE int
    2034    85874965 : is_noncalc_t(long tx) { return (tx) >= t_LIST; }
    2035             : INLINE int
    2036           0 : is_qfb_t(long t) { return (t == t_QFB); }
    2037             : INLINE int
    2038     5032358 : is_rational_t(long t) { return (t == t_INT || t == t_FRAC); }
    2039             : INLINE int
    2040    62062467 : is_real_t(long t) { return (t == t_INT || t == t_REAL || t == t_FRAC); }
    2041             : INLINE int
    2042  9233900140 : is_recursive_t(long t) { return lontyp[t]; }
    2043             : INLINE int
    2044   375660753 : is_scalar_t(long t) { return (t < t_POL); }
    2045             : INLINE int
    2046    43937007 : is_vec_t(long t) { return (t == t_VEC || t == t_COL); }
    2047             : 
    2048             : INLINE int
    2049    62262579 : qfb_is_qfi(GEN q) { return signe(gel(q,4)) < 0; }
    2050             : 
    2051             : /*******************************************************************/
    2052             : /*                                                                 */
    2053             : /*                         TRANSCENDENTAL                          */
    2054             : /*                                                                 */
    2055             : /*******************************************************************/
    2056             : INLINE GEN
    2057    80369343 : sqrtr(GEN x) {
    2058    80369343 :   long s = signe(x);
    2059    80369343 :   if (s == 0) return real_0_bit(expo(x) >> 1);
    2060    80336165 :   if (s >= 0) return sqrtr_abs(x);
    2061      439624 :   retmkcomplex(gen_0, sqrtr_abs(x));
    2062             : }
    2063             : INLINE GEN
    2064           0 : cbrtr_abs(GEN x) { return sqrtnr_abs(x, 3); }
    2065             : INLINE GEN
    2066           0 : cbrtr(GEN x) {
    2067           0 :   long s = signe(x);
    2068             :   GEN r;
    2069           0 :   if (s == 0) return real_0_bit(expo(x) / 3);
    2070           0 :   r = cbrtr_abs(x);
    2071           0 :   if (s < 0) togglesign(r);
    2072           0 :   return r;
    2073             : }
    2074             : INLINE GEN
    2075     2809108 : sqrtnr(GEN x, long n) {
    2076     2809108 :   long s = signe(x);
    2077             :   GEN r;
    2078     2809108 :   if (s == 0) return real_0_bit(expo(x) / n);
    2079     2809108 :   r = sqrtnr_abs(x, n);
    2080     2809135 :   if (s < 0) pari_err_IMPL("sqrtnr for x < 0");
    2081     2809135 :   return r;
    2082             : }
    2083             : INLINE long
    2084      754827 : logint(GEN B, GEN y) { return logintall(B,y,NULL); }
    2085             : INLINE ulong
    2086     1727620 : ulogint(ulong B, ulong y)
    2087             : {
    2088             :   ulong r;
    2089             :   long e;
    2090     1727620 :   if (y == 2) return expu(B);
    2091     1679585 :   r = y;
    2092     5078171 :   for (e=1;; e++)
    2093             :   { /* here, r = y^e, r2 = y^(e-1) */
    2094     5078171 :     if (r >= B) return r == B? e: e-1;
    2095     3400095 :     r = umuluu_or_0(y, r);
    2096     3400128 :     if (!r) return e;
    2097             :   }
    2098             : }
    2099             : 
    2100             : /*******************************************************************/
    2101             : /*                                                                 */
    2102             : /*                         MISCELLANEOUS                           */
    2103             : /*                                                                 */
    2104             : /*******************************************************************/
    2105     9585650 : INLINE int ismpzero(GEN x) { return is_intreal_t(typ(x)) && !signe(x); }
    2106  2842719568 : INLINE int isintzero(GEN x) { return typ(x) == t_INT && !signe(x); }
    2107    17585124 : INLINE int isint1(GEN x) { return typ(x)==t_INT && equali1(x); }
    2108     5710164 : INLINE int isintm1(GEN x){ return typ(x)==t_INT && equalim1(x);}
    2109  1174083021 : INLINE int equali1(GEN n)
    2110  1174083021 : { return (ulong) n[1] == (evallgefint(3UL) | evalsigne(1)) && n[2] == 1; }
    2111   139505230 : INLINE int equalim1(GEN n)
    2112   139505230 : { return (ulong) n[1] == (evallgefint(3UL) | evalsigne(-1)) && n[2] == 1; }
    2113             : /* works only for POSITIVE integers */
    2114  2202928174 : INLINE int is_pm1(GEN n)
    2115  2202928174 : { return lgefint(n) == 3 && n[2] == 1; }
    2116   562928975 : INLINE int is_bigint(GEN n)
    2117   562928975 : { long l = lgefint(n); return l > 3 || (l == 3 && (n[2] & HIGHBIT)); }
    2118             : 
    2119  2089587382 : INLINE int odd(long x) { return x & 1; }
    2120   123977372 : INLINE int both_odd(long x, long y) { return x & y & 1; }
    2121             : 
    2122             : INLINE int
    2123  8265126400 : isonstack(GEN x)
    2124  8265126400 : { return ((pari_sp)x >= pari_mainstack->bot
    2125  8265126400 :        && (pari_sp)x <  pari_mainstack->top); }
    2126             : 
    2127             : /* assume x != 0 and x t_REAL, return an approximation to log2(|x|) */
    2128             : INLINE double
    2129    92816910 : dbllog2r(GEN x)
    2130    92816910 : { return log2((double)(ulong)x[2]) + (double)(expo(x) - (BITS_IN_LONG-1)); }
    2131             : 
    2132             : INLINE GEN
    2133     2654273 : mul_content(GEN cx, GEN cy)
    2134             : {
    2135     2654273 :   if (!cx) return cy;
    2136      568072 :   if (!cy) return cx;
    2137      374422 :   return gmul(cx,cy);
    2138             : }
    2139             : INLINE GEN
    2140           0 : inv_content(GEN c) { return c? ginv(c): NULL; }
    2141             : INLINE GEN
    2142       58518 : div_content(GEN cx, GEN cy)
    2143             : {
    2144       58518 :   if (!cy) return cx;
    2145       57384 :   if (!cx) return ginv(cy);
    2146       26032 :   return gdiv(cx,cy);
    2147             : }
    2148             : INLINE GEN
    2149    10711106 : mul_denom(GEN dx, GEN dy)
    2150             : {
    2151    10711106 :   if (!dx) return dy;
    2152     1839283 :   if (!dy) return dx;
    2153     1370783 :   return mulii(dx,dy);
    2154             : }
    2155             : 
    2156             : /* POLYNOMIALS */
    2157             : INLINE GEN
    2158     1441269 : constant_coeff(GEN x) { return signe(x)? gel(x,2): gen_0; }
    2159             : INLINE GEN
    2160   170262124 : leading_coeff(GEN x) { return lg(x) == 2? gen_0: gel(x,lg(x)-1); }
    2161             : INLINE ulong
    2162      980303 : Flx_lead(GEN x) { return lg(x) == 2? 0: x[lg(x)-1]; }
    2163             : INLINE ulong
    2164      333922 : Flx_constant(GEN x) { return lg(x) == 2? 0: x[2]; }
    2165             : INLINE long
    2166  5488631661 : degpol(GEN x) { return lg(x)-3; }
    2167             : INLINE long
    2168  2684312092 : lgpol(GEN x) { return lg(x)-2; }
    2169             : INLINE long
    2170   350603632 : lgcols(GEN x) { return lg(gel(x,1)); }
    2171             : INLINE long
    2172   157440258 : nbrows(GEN x) { return lg(gel(x,1))-1; }
    2173             : INLINE GEN
    2174           0 : truecoef(GEN x, long n) { return polcoef(x,n,-1); }
    2175             : 
    2176             : INLINE GEN
    2177     2161322 : ZXQ_mul(GEN y, GEN x, GEN T) { return ZX_rem(ZX_mul(y, x), T); }
    2178             : INLINE GEN
    2179      960491 : ZXQ_sqr(GEN x, GEN T) { return ZX_rem(ZX_sqr(x), T); }
    2180             : 
    2181             : INLINE GEN
    2182   103406925 : RgX_copy(GEN x)
    2183   376343960 : { pari_APPLY_pol_normalized(gcopy(gel(x,i))); }
    2184             : /* have to use ulong to avoid silly warnings from gcc "assuming signed
    2185             :  * overflow does not occur" */
    2186             : INLINE GEN
    2187     2669861 : RgX_coeff(GEN x, long n)
    2188             : {
    2189     2669861 :   ulong l = lg(x);
    2190     2669861 :   return (n < 0 || ((ulong)n+3) > l)? gen_0: gel(x,n+2);
    2191             : }
    2192             : INLINE GEN
    2193      349807 : RgX_renormalize(GEN x) { return RgX_renormalize_lg(x, lg(x)); }
    2194             : INLINE GEN
    2195     7000740 : RgX_div(GEN x, GEN y) { return RgX_divrem(x,y,NULL); }
    2196             : INLINE GEN
    2197        1904 : RgXQX_div(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T) { return RgXQX_divrem(x,y,T,NULL); }
    2198             : INLINE GEN
    2199      127635 : RgXQX_rem(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T) { return RgXQX_divrem(x,y,T,ONLY_REM); }
    2200             : INLINE GEN
    2201     5581277 : FpX_div(GEN x, GEN y, GEN p) { return FpX_divrem(x,y,p, NULL); }
    2202             : INLINE GEN
    2203     1997941 : Flx_div(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p) { return Flx_divrem(x,y,p, NULL); }
    2204             : INLINE GEN
    2205    21685239 : Flx_div_pre(GEN x, GEN y, ulong p, ulong pi)
    2206    21685239 : { return Flx_divrem_pre(x,y,p,pi, NULL); }
    2207             : INLINE GEN
    2208     1569827 : F2x_div(GEN x, GEN y) { return F2x_divrem(x,y, NULL); }
    2209             : INLINE GEN
    2210           0 : FpV_FpC_mul(GEN x, GEN y, GEN p) { return FpV_dotproduct(x,y,p); }
    2211             : INLINE GEN
    2212   103461645 : pol0_Flx(long sv) { return mkvecsmall(sv); }
    2213             : INLINE GEN
    2214    55051564 : pol1_Flx(long sv) { return mkvecsmall2(sv, 1); }
    2215             : INLINE GEN
    2216    37482415 : polx_Flx(long sv) { return mkvecsmall3(sv, 0, 1); }
    2217             : INLINE GEN
    2218           0 : zero_zx(long sv) { return zero_Flx(sv); }
    2219             : INLINE GEN
    2220           0 : polx_zx(long sv) { return polx_Flx(sv); }
    2221             : INLINE GEN
    2222           0 : zx_shift(GEN x, long n) { return Flx_shift(x,n); }
    2223             : INLINE GEN
    2224       14049 : zx_renormalize(GEN x, long l) { return Flx_renormalize(x,l); }
    2225             : INLINE GEN
    2226        1350 : zero_F2x(long sv) { return zero_Flx(sv); }
    2227             : INLINE GEN
    2228    13240129 : pol0_F2x(long sv) { return pol0_Flx(sv); }
    2229             : INLINE GEN
    2230     3957026 : pol1_F2x(long sv) { return pol1_Flx(sv); }
    2231             : INLINE GEN
    2232     1078161 : polx_F2x(long sv) { return mkvecsmall2(sv, 2); }
    2233             : INLINE int
    2234     2874126 : F2x_equal1(GEN x) { return Flx_equal1(x); }
    2235             : INLINE int
    2236     4659341 : F2x_equal(GEN V, GEN W) { return Flx_equal(V,W); }
    2237             : INLINE GEN
    2238    60441593 : F2x_copy(GEN x) { return leafcopy(x); }
    2239             : INLINE GEN
    2240        4487 : F2v_copy(GEN x) { return leafcopy(x); }
    2241             : INLINE GEN
    2242     2554921 : Flv_copy(GEN x) { return leafcopy(x); }
    2243             : INLINE GEN
    2244   173150859 : Flx_copy(GEN x) { return leafcopy(x); }
    2245             : INLINE GEN
    2246     4403857 : vecsmall_copy(GEN x) { return leafcopy(x); }
    2247             : INLINE int
    2248     8330158 : Flx_equal1(GEN x) { return degpol(x)==0 && x[2] == 1; }
    2249             : INLINE int
    2250       12850 : ZX_equal1(GEN x) { return degpol(x)==0 && equali1(gel(x,2)); }
    2251             : INLINE int
    2252     7374366 : ZX_is_monic(GEN x) { return equali1(leading_coeff(x)); }
    2253             : 
    2254             : INLINE GEN
    2255   154968477 : ZX_renormalize(GEN x, long lx)    { return ZXX_renormalize(x,lx); }
    2256             : INLINE GEN
    2257   144207885 : FpX_renormalize(GEN x, long lx)   { return ZXX_renormalize(x,lx); }
    2258             : INLINE GEN
    2259      849896 : FpXX_renormalize(GEN x, long lx)  { return ZXX_renormalize(x,lx); }
    2260             : INLINE GEN
    2261     4694252 : FpXQX_renormalize(GEN x, long lx) { return ZXX_renormalize(x,lx); }
    2262             : INLINE GEN
    2263   115219065 : F2x_renormalize(GEN x, long lx)   { return Flx_renormalize(x,lx); }
    2264             : 
    2265             : INLINE GEN
    2266           0 : F2xX_shift(GEN a, long n, long vs) { return FlxX_shift(a, n, vs); }
    2267             : 
    2268             : INLINE GEN
    2269       37755 : F2v_to_F2x(GEN x, long sv) {
    2270       37755 :   GEN y = leafcopy(x);
    2271       37755 :   y[1] = sv; F2x_renormalize(y, lg(y)); return y;
    2272             : }
    2273             : 
    2274             : INLINE long
    2275         385 : sturm(GEN x) { return sturmpart(x, NULL, NULL); }
    2276             : 
    2277             : INLINE long
    2278        6230 : gval(GEN x, long v)
    2279        6230 : { pari_sp av = avma; return gc_long(av, gvaluation(x, pol_x(v))); }
    2280             : 
    2281             : INLINE void
    2282      479366 : RgX_shift_inplace_init(long v)
    2283      479366 : { if (v) (void)cgetg(v, t_VECSMALL); }
    2284             : /* shift polynomial in place. assume v free cells have been left before x */
    2285             : INLINE GEN
    2286      479366 : RgX_shift_inplace(GEN x, long v)
    2287             : {
    2288             :   long i, lx;
    2289             :   GEN z;
    2290      479366 :   if (!v) return x;
    2291      252260 :   lx = lg(x);
    2292      252260 :   if (lx == 2) return x;
    2293      252260 :   z = x + lx;
    2294             :   /* stackdummy's from normalizepol */
    2295      252260 :   while (lg(z) != v) z += lg(z);
    2296      252260 :   z += v;
    2297     4637681 :   for (i = lx-1; i >= 2; i--) gel(--z,0) = gel(x,i);
    2298      672402 :   for (i = 0;  i < v; i++) gel(--z,0) = gen_0;
    2299      252260 :   z -= 2;
    2300      252260 :   z[1] = x[1];
    2301      252260 :   z[0] = evaltyp(t_POL) | evallg(lx+v);
    2302      252260 :   stackdummy((pari_sp)z, (pari_sp)x); return z;
    2303             : }
    2304             : 
    2305             : 
    2306             : /* LINEAR ALGEBRA */
    2307             : INLINE GEN
    2308      502982 : zv_to_ZV(GEN x) { return vecsmall_to_vec(x); }
    2309             : INLINE GEN
    2310     7824120 : zc_to_ZC(GEN x) { return vecsmall_to_col(x); }
    2311             : INLINE GEN
    2312     3211407 : ZV_to_zv(GEN x) { return vec_to_vecsmall(x); }
    2313             : INLINE GEN
    2314           0 : zx_to_zv(GEN x, long N) { return Flx_to_Flv(x,N); }
    2315             : INLINE GEN
    2316      104146 : zv_to_zx(GEN x, long sv) { return Flv_to_Flx(x,sv); }
    2317             : INLINE GEN
    2318           0 : zm_to_zxV(GEN x, long sv) { return Flm_to_FlxV(x,sv); }
    2319             : INLINE GEN
    2320           0 : zero_zm(long x, long y) { return zero_Flm(x,y); }
    2321             : INLINE GEN
    2322    36730675 : zero_zv(long x) { return zero_Flv(x); }
    2323             : INLINE GEN
    2324         266 : zm_transpose(GEN x) { return Flm_transpose(x); }
    2325             : INLINE GEN
    2326           0 : zm_copy(GEN x) { return Flm_copy(x); }
    2327             : INLINE GEN
    2328     2183684 : zv_copy(GEN x) { return Flv_copy(x); }
    2329             : INLINE GEN
    2330           0 : zm_row(GEN x, long i) { return Flm_row(x,i); }
    2331             : 
    2332             : INLINE GEN
    2333    10695940 : ZC_hnfrem(GEN x, GEN y) { return ZC_hnfdivrem(x,y,NULL); }
    2334             : INLINE GEN
    2335      363768 : ZM_hnfrem(GEN x, GEN y) { return ZM_hnfdivrem(x,y,NULL); }
    2336             : INLINE GEN
    2337     7116493 : ZM_lll(GEN x, double D, long f) { return ZM_lll_norms(x,D,f,NULL); }
    2338             : INLINE void
    2339     9741538 : RgM_dimensions(GEN x, long *m, long *n) { *n = lg(x)-1; *m = *n? nbrows(x): 0; }
    2340             : INLINE GEN
    2341    22174220 : RgM_shallowcopy(GEN x)
    2342    96145478 : { pari_APPLY_same(leafcopy(gel(x,i))); }
    2343             : INLINE GEN
    2344      200475 : F2m_copy(GEN x) { return RgM_shallowcopy(x); }
    2345             : 
    2346             : INLINE GEN
    2347           0 : F3m_copy(GEN x) { return RgM_shallowcopy(x); }
    2348             : 
    2349             : INLINE GEN
    2350     6433617 : Flm_copy(GEN x) { return RgM_shallowcopy(x); }
    2351             : 
    2352             : /* divisibility: return 1 if y[i] | x[i] for all i, 0 otherwise. Assume
    2353             :  * x,y are ZV of the same length */
    2354             : INLINE int
    2355       23485 : ZV_dvd(GEN x, GEN y)
    2356             : {
    2357       23485 :   long i, l = lg(x);
    2358       37856 :   for (i=1; i < l; i++)
    2359       30464 :     if ( ! dvdii( gel(x,i), gel(y,i) ) ) return 0;
    2360        7392 :   return 1;
    2361             : }
    2362             : INLINE GEN
    2363      596448 : ZM_ZV_mod(GEN x, GEN y)
    2364     1765401 : { pari_APPLY_same(ZV_ZV_mod(gel(x,i), y)) }
    2365             : INLINE GEN
    2366     8131420 : ZV_ZV_mod(GEN x, GEN y)
    2367    22498170 : { pari_APPLY_same(modii(gel(x,i), gel(y,i))) }
    2368             : INLINE GEN
    2369           0 : vecmodii(GEN x, GEN y) { return ZV_ZV_mod(x,y); }
    2370             : INLINE GEN
    2371      174881 : vecmoduu(GEN x, GEN y) { pari_APPLY_ulong(((ulong*)x)[i] % ((ulong*)y)[i]) }
    2372             : 
    2373             : /* Fq */
    2374             : INLINE GEN
    2375     3106165 : Fq_red(GEN x, GEN T, GEN p)
    2376     3106165 : { return typ(x)==t_INT? Fp_red(x,p): FpXQ_red(x,T,p); }
    2377             : INLINE GEN
    2378       73792 : Fq_to_FpXQ(GEN x, GEN T, GEN p /*unused*/)
    2379             : {
    2380             :   (void) p;
    2381       73792 :   return typ(x)==t_INT ? scalarpol(x, get_FpX_var(T)): x;
    2382             : }
    2383             : INLINE GEN
    2384         756 : Rg_to_Fq(GEN x, GEN T, GEN p) { return T? Rg_to_FpXQ(x,T,p): Rg_to_Fp(x,p); }
    2385             : 
    2386             : INLINE GEN
    2387       29946 : gener_Fq_local(GEN T, GEN p, GEN L)
    2388           0 : { return T? gener_FpXQ_local(T,p, L)
    2389       29946 :           : pgener_Fp_local(p, L); }
    2390             : 
    2391             : INLINE GEN
    2392           0 : random_Fq(GEN T, GEN p)
    2393           0 : { return T ? random_FpX(get_FpX_degree(T), get_FpX_var(T), p): randomi(p); }
    2394             : 
    2395             : /* FpXQX */
    2396             : INLINE GEN
    2397        4526 : FpXQX_div(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, GEN p) { return FpXQX_divrem(x, y, T, p, NULL); }
    2398             : INLINE GEN
    2399           0 : FlxqX_div(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, ulong p) { return FlxqX_divrem(x, y, T, p, NULL); }
    2400             : INLINE GEN
    2401      165410 : FlxqX_div_pre(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, ulong p, ulong pi) { return FlxqX_divrem_pre(x, y, T, p, pi, NULL); }
    2402             : INLINE GEN
    2403       33173 : F2xqX_div(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T) { return F2xqX_divrem(x, y, T, NULL); }
    2404             : 
    2405             : INLINE GEN
    2406       20587 : FpXY_Fq_evaly(GEN Q, GEN y, GEN T, GEN p, long vx)
    2407       20587 : { return T ? FpXY_FpXQ_evaly(Q, y, T, p, vx): FpXY_evaly(Q, y, p, vx); }
    2408             : 
    2409             : /* FqX */
    2410             : INLINE GEN
    2411       25354 : FqX_red(GEN z, GEN T, GEN p) { return T? FpXQX_red(z, T, p): FpX_red(z, p); }
    2412             : INLINE GEN
    2413      127694 : FqX_add(GEN x,GEN y,GEN T,GEN p) { return T? FpXX_add(x,y,p): FpX_add(x,y,p); }
    2414             : INLINE GEN
    2415       24956 : FqX_neg(GEN x,GEN T,GEN p) { return T? FpXX_neg(x,p): FpX_neg(x,p); }
    2416             : INLINE GEN
    2417       68607 : FqX_sub(GEN x,GEN y,GEN T,GEN p) { return T? FpXX_sub(x,y,p): FpX_sub(x,y,p); }
    2418             : INLINE GEN
    2419      571440 : FqX_Fp_mul(GEN P, GEN u, GEN T, GEN p)
    2420      571440 : { return T? FpXX_Fp_mul(P, u, p): FpX_Fp_mul(P, u, p); }
    2421             : INLINE GEN
    2422      427306 : FqX_Fq_mul(GEN P, GEN U, GEN T, GEN p)
    2423      427306 : { return typ(U)==t_INT ? FqX_Fp_mul(P, U, T, p): FpXQX_FpXQ_mul(P, U, T, p); }
    2424             : INLINE GEN
    2425      367700 : FqX_mul(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, GEN p)
    2426      367700 : { return T? FpXQX_mul(x, y, T, p): FpX_mul(x, y, p); }
    2427             : INLINE GEN
    2428       21942 : FqX_mulu(GEN x, ulong y, GEN T, GEN p)
    2429       21942 : { return T? FpXX_mulu(x, y, p): FpX_mulu(x, y, p); }
    2430             : INLINE GEN
    2431       71855 : FqX_sqr(GEN x, GEN T, GEN p)
    2432       71855 : { return T? FpXQX_sqr(x, T, p): FpX_sqr(x, p); }
    2433             : INLINE GEN
    2434        1295 : FqX_powu(GEN x, ulong n, GEN T, GEN p)
    2435        1295 : { return T? FpXQX_powu(x, n, T, p): FpX_powu(x, n, p); }
    2436             : INLINE GEN
    2437       19411 : FqX_halve(GEN x, GEN T, GEN p)
    2438       19411 : { return T? FpXX_halve(x, p): FpX_halve(x, p); }
    2439             : INLINE GEN
    2440       38565 : FqX_div(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, GEN p)
    2441       38565 : { return T? FpXQX_divrem(x,y,T,p,NULL): FpX_divrem(x,y,p,NULL); }
    2442             : INLINE GEN
    2443        6090 : FqX_get_red(GEN S, GEN T, GEN p)
    2444        6090 : { return T? FpXQX_get_red(S,T,p): FpX_get_red(S,p); }
    2445             : INLINE GEN
    2446       37743 : FqX_rem(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, GEN p)
    2447       37743 : { return T? FpXQX_rem(x,y,T,p): FpX_rem(x,y,p); }
    2448             : INLINE GEN
    2449           0 : FqX_divrem(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, GEN p, GEN *z)
    2450           0 : { return T? FpXQX_divrem(x,y,T,p,z): FpX_divrem(x,y,p,z); }
    2451             : INLINE GEN
    2452       69629 : FqX_div_by_X_x(GEN x, GEN y, GEN T, GEN p, GEN *z)
    2453       69629 : { return T? FpXQX_div_by_X_x(x,y,T,p,z): FpX_div_by_X_x(x,y,p,z); }
    2454             : INLINE GEN
    2455           0 : FqX_halfgcd(GEN P,GEN Q,GEN T,GEN p)
    2456           0 : {return T? FpXQX_halfgcd(P,Q,T,p): FpX_halfgcd(P,Q,p);}
    2457             : INLINE GEN
    2458        8288 : FqX_gcd(GEN P,GEN Q,GEN T,GEN p)
    2459        8288 : {return T? FpXQX_gcd(P,Q,T,p): FpX_gcd(P,Q,p);}
    2460             : INLINE GEN
    2461      444666 : FqX_extgcd(GEN P,GEN Q,GEN T,GEN p, GEN *U, GEN *V)
    2462      444666 : { return T? FpXQX_extgcd(P,Q,T,p,U,V): FpX_extgcd(P,Q,p,U,V); }
    2463             : INLINE GEN
    2464        4144 : FqX_normalize(GEN z, GEN T, GEN p)
    2465        4144 : { return T? FpXQX_normalize(z, T, p): FpX_normalize(z, p); }
    2466             : INLINE GEN
    2467       40061 : FqX_deriv(GEN f, GEN T, GEN p) { return T? FpXX_deriv(f, p): FpX_deriv(f, p); }
    2468             : INLINE long
    2469      683802 : FqX_is_squarefree(GEN P, GEN T, GEN p)
    2470      683802 : { return T ? FpXQX_is_squarefree(P, T, p): FpX_is_squarefree(P, p); }
    2471             : INLINE GEN
    2472           0 : FqX_integ(GEN f, GEN T, GEN p) { return T? FpXX_integ(f, p): FpX_integ(f, p); }
    2473             : INLINE GEN
    2474      140946 : FqX_factor(GEN f, GEN T, GEN p)
    2475      140946 : { return T?FpXQX_factor(f, T, p): FpX_factor(f, p); }
    2476             : INLINE GEN
    2477           7 : FqX_factor_squarefree(GEN f, GEN T, GEN p)
    2478           7 : { return T ? FpXQX_factor_squarefree(f, T, p): FpX_factor_squarefree(f, p); }
    2479             : INLINE GEN
    2480           7 : FqX_ddf(GEN f, GEN T, GEN p)
    2481           7 : { return T ? FpXQX_ddf(f, T, p): FpX_ddf(f, p); }
    2482             : INLINE GEN
    2483       47786 : FqX_degfact(GEN f, GEN T, GEN p)
    2484       47786 : { return T?FpXQX_degfact(f, T, p): FpX_degfact(f, p); }
    2485             : INLINE GEN
    2486        7273 : FqX_roots(GEN f, GEN T, GEN p)
    2487        7273 : { return T?FpXQX_roots(f, T, p): FpX_roots(f, p); }
    2488             : INLINE GEN
    2489         175 : FqX_to_mod(GEN f, GEN T, GEN p)
    2490         175 : { return T?FpXQX_to_mod(f, T, p): FpX_to_mod(f, p); }
    2491             : 
    2492             : /*FqXQ*/
    2493             : INLINE GEN
    2494           0 : FqXQ_add(GEN x, GEN y, GEN S/*unused*/, GEN T, GEN p)
    2495           0 : { (void)S; return T? FpXX_add(x,y,p): FpX_add(x,y,p); }
    2496             : INLINE GEN
    2497           0 : FqXQ_sub(GEN x, GEN y, GEN S/*unused*/, GEN T, GEN p)
    2498           0 : { (void)S; return T? FpXX_sub(x,y,p): FpX_sub(x,y,p); }
    2499             : INLINE GEN
    2500           0 : FqXQ_div(GEN x, GEN y, GEN S, GEN T, GEN p)
    2501           0 : { return T? FpXQXQ_div(x,y,S,T,p): FpXQ_div(x,y,S,p); }
    2502             : INLINE GEN
    2503           0 : FqXQ_inv(GEN x, GEN S, GEN T, GEN p)
    2504           0 : { return T? FpXQXQ_inv(x,S,T,p): FpXQ_inv(x,S,p); }
    2505             : INLINE GEN
    2506           0 : FqXQ_invsafe(GEN x, GEN S, GEN T, GEN p)
    2507           0 : { return T? FpXQXQ_invsafe(x,S,T,p): FpXQ_inv(x,S,p); }
    2508             : INLINE GEN
    2509       22766 : FqXQ_mul(GEN x, GEN y, GEN S, GEN T, GEN p)
    2510       22766 : { return T? FpXQXQ_mul(x,y,S,T,p): FpXQ_mul(x,y,S,p); }
    2511             : INLINE GEN
    2512           0 : FqXQ_sqr(GEN x, GEN S, GEN T, GEN p)
    2513           0 : { return T? FpXQXQ_sqr(x,S,T,p): FpXQ_sqr(x,S,p); }
    2514             : INLINE GEN
    2515           0 : FqXQ_pow(GEN x, GEN n, GEN S, GEN T, GEN p)
    2516           0 : { return T? FpXQXQ_pow(x,n,S,T,p): FpXQ_pow(x,n,S,p); }
    2517             : 
    2518             : /*FqXn*/
    2519             : INLINE GEN
    2520        6590 : FqXn_expint(GEN x, long n, GEN T, GEN p)
    2521        6590 : { return T? FpXQXn_expint(x,n,T,p): FpXn_expint(x,n,p); }
    2522             : INLINE GEN
    2523           0 : FqXn_exp(GEN x, long n, GEN T, GEN p)
    2524           0 : { return T? FpXQXn_exp(x,n,T,p): FpXn_exp(x,n,p); }
    2525             : INLINE GEN
    2526        7126 : FqXn_inv(GEN x, long n, GEN T, GEN p)
    2527        7126 : { return T? FpXQXn_inv(x,n,T,p): FpXn_inv(x,n,p); }
    2528             : INLINE GEN
    2529      263403 : FqXn_mul(GEN x, GEN y, long n, GEN T, GEN p)
    2530      263403 : { return T? FpXQXn_mul(x, y, n, T, p): FpXn_mul(x, y, n, p); }
    2531             : INLINE GEN
    2532           0 : FqXn_sqr(GEN x, long n, GEN T, GEN p)
    2533           0 : { return T? FpXQXn_sqr(x,n,T,p): FpXn_sqr(x,n,p); }
    2534             : 
    2535             : /*FpXQ*/
    2536             : INLINE GEN
    2537           0 : FpXQ_add(GEN x,GEN y,GEN T/*unused*/,GEN p)
    2538           0 : { (void)T; return FpX_add(x,y,p); }
    2539             : INLINE GEN
    2540           0 : FpXQ_sub(GEN x,GEN y,GEN T/*unused*/,GEN p)
    2541           0 : { (void)T; return FpX_sub(x,y,p); }
    2542             : 
    2543             : /*Flxq*/
    2544             : INLINE GEN
    2545           0 : Flxq_add(GEN x,GEN y,GEN T/*unused*/,ulong p)
    2546           0 : { (void)T; return Flx_add(x,y,p); }
    2547             : INLINE GEN
    2548           0 : Flxq_sub(GEN x,GEN y,GEN T/*unused*/,ulong p)
    2549           0 : { (void)T; return Flx_sub(x,y,p); }
    2550             : 
    2551             : /* F2x */
    2552             : 
    2553             : INLINE ulong
    2554   667873403 : F2x_coeff(GEN x,long v)
    2555             : {
    2556   667873403 :    ulong u=(ulong)x[2+divsBIL(v)];
    2557   667873201 :    return (u>>remsBIL(v))&1UL;
    2558             : }
    2559             : 
    2560             : INLINE void
    2561    12353689 : F2x_clear(GEN x,long v)
    2562             : {
    2563    12353689 :    ulong* u=(ulong*)&x[2+divsBIL(v)];
    2564    12353637 :    *u&=~(1UL<<remsBIL(v));
    2565    12353625 : }
    2566             : 
    2567             : INLINE void
    2568   124730608 : F2x_set(GEN x,long v)
    2569             : {
    2570   124730608 :    ulong* u=(ulong*)&x[2+divsBIL(v)];
    2571   124725889 :    *u|=1UL<<remsBIL(v);
    2572   124727889 : }
    2573             : 
    2574             : INLINE void
    2575     1554050 : F2x_flip(GEN x,long v)
    2576             : {
    2577     1554050 :    ulong* u=(ulong*)&x[2+divsBIL(v)];
    2578     1554050 :    *u^=1UL<<remsBIL(v);
    2579     1554050 : }
    2580             : 
    2581             : /* F2v */
    2582             : 
    2583             : INLINE ulong
    2584   661319406 : F2v_coeff(GEN x,long v) { return F2x_coeff(x,v-1); }
    2585             : 
    2586             : INLINE void
    2587    12353690 : F2v_clear(GEN x,long v) { F2x_clear(x,v-1); }
    2588             : 
    2589             : INLINE void
    2590   101403174 : F2v_set(GEN x,long v)   { F2x_set(x,v-1); }
    2591             : 
    2592             : INLINE void
    2593     1554050 : F2v_flip(GEN x,long v) { F2x_flip(x,v-1); }
    2594             : 
    2595             : /* F2m */
    2596             : 
    2597             : INLINE ulong
    2598     8038299 : F2m_coeff(GEN x, long a, long b) { return F2v_coeff(gel(x,b), a); }
    2599             : 
    2600             : INLINE void
    2601           0 : F2m_clear(GEN x, long a, long b) { F2v_clear(gel(x,b), a); }
    2602             : 
    2603             : INLINE void
    2604         798 : F2m_set(GEN x, long a, long b) { F2v_set(gel(x,b), a); }
    2605             : 
    2606             : INLINE void
    2607     1554050 : F2m_flip(GEN x, long a, long b) { F2v_flip(gel(x,b), a); }
    2608             : 
    2609             : /* F3m */
    2610             : 
    2611             : INLINE ulong
    2612     3255921 : F3m_coeff(GEN x, long a, long b) { return F3v_coeff(gel(x,b), a); }
    2613             : 
    2614             : INLINE void
    2615           0 : F3m_set(GEN x, long a, long b, ulong c) { F3v_set(gel(x,b), a, c); }
    2616             : 
    2617             : /* ARITHMETIC */
    2618             : INLINE GEN
    2619        3983 : matpascal(long n) { return matqpascal(n, NULL); }
    2620             : INLINE long
    2621      458664 : Z_issquare(GEN x) { return Z_issquareall(x, NULL); }
    2622             : INLINE long
    2623          98 : Z_ispower(GEN x, ulong k) { return Z_ispowerall(x, k, NULL); }
    2624             : INLINE GEN
    2625     6664730 : sqrti(GEN x) { return sqrtremi(x,NULL); }
    2626             : INLINE GEN
    2627   123248599 : gaddgs(GEN y, long s) { return gaddsg(s,y); }
    2628             : INLINE int
    2629      761926 : gcmpgs(GEN y, long s) { return -gcmpsg(s,y); }
    2630             : INLINE int
    2631       29176 : gequalgs(GEN y, long s) { return gequalsg(s,y); }
    2632             : INLINE GEN
    2633           0 : gmaxsg(long s, GEN y) { return gmaxgs(y,s); }
    2634             : INLINE GEN
    2635           0 : gminsg(long s, GEN y) { return gmings(y,s); }
    2636             : INLINE GEN
    2637    22579045 : gmulgs(GEN y, long s) { return gmulsg(s,y); }
    2638             : INLINE GEN
    2639   282059385 : gmulgu(GEN y, ulong s) { return gmulug(s,y); }
    2640             : INLINE GEN
    2641     1724820 : gsubgs(GEN y, long s) { return gaddgs(y, -s); }
    2642             : INLINE GEN
    2643      531591 : gdivsg(long s, GEN y) { return gdiv(stoi(s), y); }
    2644             : 
    2645             : INLINE GEN
    2646    13510199 : gmax_shallow(GEN x, GEN y) { return gcmp(x,y)<0? y: x; }
    2647             : INLINE GEN
    2648      877691 : gmin_shallow(GEN x, GEN y) { return gcmp(x,y)<0? x: y; }
    2649             : 
    2650             : /* x t_COMPLEX */
    2651             : INLINE GEN
    2652    91199150 : cxnorm(GEN x) { return gadd(gsqr(gel(x,1)), gsqr(gel(x,2))); }
    2653             : /* q t_QUAD */
    2654             : INLINE GEN
    2655       69881 : quadnorm(GEN q)
    2656             : {
    2657       69881 :   GEN X = gel(q,1), b = gel(X,3), c = gel(X,2);
    2658       69881 :   GEN z, u = gel(q,3), v = gel(q,2);
    2659       69881 :   if (typ(u) == t_INT && typ(v) == t_INT) /* generic case */
    2660             :   {
    2661       69671 :     z = signe(b)? mulii(v, addii(u,v)): sqri(v);
    2662       69671 :     return addii(z, mulii(c, sqri(u)));
    2663             :   }
    2664             :   else
    2665             :   {
    2666         210 :     z = signe(b)? gmul(v, gadd(u,v)): gsqr(v);
    2667         210 :     return gadd(z, gmul(c, gsqr(u)));
    2668             :   }
    2669             : }
    2670             : /* x a t_QUAD, return the attached discriminant */
    2671             : INLINE GEN
    2672        1085 : quad_disc(GEN x)
    2673             : {
    2674        1085 :   GEN Q = gel(x,1), b = gel(Q,3), c = gel(Q,2), c4 = shifti(c,2);
    2675        1085 :   if (is_pm1(b)) return subsi(1, c4);
    2676         154 :   togglesign_safe(&c4); return c4;
    2677             : }
    2678             : INLINE GEN
    2679     4994803 : qfb_disc3(GEN x, GEN y, GEN z) { return subii(sqri(y), shifti(mulii(x,z),2)); }
    2680             : INLINE GEN
    2681    18501208 : qfb_disc(GEN x) { return gel(x,4); }
    2682             : 
    2683             : INLINE GEN
    2684     4148186 : sqrfrac(GEN x)
    2685             : {
    2686     4148186 :   GEN z = cgetg(3,t_FRAC);
    2687     4148185 :   gel(z,1) = sqri(gel(x,1));
    2688     4148167 :   gel(z,2) = sqri(gel(x,2)); return z;
    2689             : }
    2690             : 
    2691             : INLINE void
    2692    17204728 : normalize_frac(GEN z) {
    2693    17204728 :   if (signe(gel(z,2)) < 0) { togglesign(gel(z,1)); setabssign(gel(z,2)); }
    2694    17204728 : }
    2695             : 
    2696             : INLINE GEN
    2697    43119928 : powii(GEN x, GEN n)
    2698             : {
    2699    43119928 :   long ln = lgefint(n);
    2700    43119928 :   if (ln == 3) {
    2701             :     GEN z;
    2702    43078310 :     if (signe(n) > 0) return powiu(x, n[2]);
    2703       75050 :     z = cgetg(3, t_FRAC);
    2704       75064 :     gel(z,1) = gen_1;
    2705       75064 :     gel(z,2) = powiu(x, n[2]);
    2706       75063 :     return z;
    2707             :   }
    2708       41620 :   if (ln == 2) return gen_1; /* rare */
    2709             :   /* should never happen */
    2710           0 :   return powgi(x, n); /* overflow unless x = 0, 1, -1 */
    2711             : }
    2712             : INLINE GEN
    2713        1561 : powIs(long n) {
    2714        1561 :   switch(n & 3)
    2715             :   {
    2716          63 :     case 1: return mkcomplex(gen_0,gen_1);
    2717         385 :     case 2: return gen_m1;
    2718         707 :     case 3: return mkcomplex(gen_0,gen_m1);
    2719             :   }
    2720         406 :   return gen_1;
    2721             : }
    2722             : 
    2723             : /*******************************************************************/
    2724             : /*                                                                 */
    2725             : /*                       ELLIPTIC CURVES                           */
    2726             : /*                                                                 */
    2727             : /*******************************************************************/
    2728     8997074 : INLINE GEN ell_get_a1(GEN e) { return gel(e,1); }
    2729     7106180 : INLINE GEN ell_get_a2(GEN e) { return gel(e,2); }
    2730     8814042 : INLINE GEN ell_get_a3(GEN e) { return gel(e,3); }
    2731     8536720 : INLINE GEN ell_get_a4(GEN e) { return gel(e,4); }
    2732    10370959 : INLINE GEN ell_get_a6(GEN e) { return gel(e,5); }
    2733     7371024 : INLINE GEN ell_get_b2(GEN e) { return gel(e,6); }
    2734     2550216 : INLINE GEN ell_get_b4(GEN e) { return gel(e,7); }
    2735     3863115 : INLINE GEN ell_get_b6(GEN e) { return gel(e,8); }
    2736     3297414 : INLINE GEN ell_get_b8(GEN e) { return gel(e,9); }
    2737    11018140 : INLINE GEN ell_get_c4(GEN e) { return gel(e,10); }
    2738    13474543 : INLINE GEN ell_get_c6(GEN e) { return gel(e,11); }
    2739    16815348 : INLINE GEN ell_get_disc(GEN e) { return gel(e,12); }
    2740     2126227 : INLINE GEN ell_get_j(GEN e) { return gel(e,13); }
    2741    12499483 : INLINE long ell_get_type(GEN e) { return mael(e,14,1); }
    2742     2036850 : INLINE GEN ellff_get_field(GEN x) { return gmael(x, 15, 1); }
    2743      800023 : INLINE GEN ellff_get_a4a6(GEN x)  { return gmael(x, 15, 2); }
    2744        1463 : INLINE GEN ellQp_get_zero(GEN x) { return gmael(x, 15, 1); }
    2745         308 : INLINE long ellQp_get_prec(GEN E) { return valp(ellQp_get_zero(E)); }
    2746        1134 : INLINE GEN ellQp_get_p(GEN E) { return padic_p(ellQp_get_zero(E)); }
    2747      232750 : INLINE long ellR_get_prec(GEN x) { return nbits2prec(mael3(x, 15, 1, 1)); }
    2748      371535 : INLINE long ellR_get_sign(GEN x) { return mael3(x, 15, 1, 2); }
    2749     2027621 : INLINE GEN ellnf_get_nf(GEN x) { return checknf_i(gmael(x,15,1)); }
    2750         126 : INLINE GEN ellnf_get_bnf(GEN x) { return checkbnf_i(gmael(x,15,1)); }
    2751             : 
    2752     5593426 : INLINE int checkell_i(GEN e) { return typ(e) == t_VEC && lg(e) == 17; }
    2753    52358314 : INLINE int ell_is_inf(GEN z) { return lg(z) == 2; }
    2754     1869311 : INLINE GEN ellinf(void) { return mkvec(gen_0); }
    2755             : 
    2756             : /*******************************************************************/
    2757             : /*                                                                 */
    2758             : /*                    ALGEBRAIC NUMBER THEORY                      */
    2759             : /*                                                                 */
    2760             : /*******************************************************************/
    2761    31238300 : INLINE GEN modpr_get_pr(GEN x)  { return gel(x,3); }
    2762     1888404 : INLINE GEN modpr_get_p(GEN x)  { return pr_get_p(modpr_get_pr(x)); }
    2763    13867668 : INLINE GEN modpr_get_T(GEN x)  { return lg(x) == 4? NULL: gel(x,4); }
    2764             : 
    2765    92476593 : INLINE GEN pr_get_p(GEN pr)  { return gel(pr,1); }
    2766    12067644 : INLINE GEN pr_get_gen(GEN pr){ return gel(pr,2); }
    2767             : /* .[2] instead of itos works: e and f are small positive integers */
    2768    16101907 : INLINE long pr_get_e(GEN pr) { return gel(pr,3)[2]; }
    2769    26342593 : INLINE long pr_get_f(GEN pr) { return gel(pr,4)[2]; }
    2770    49564917 : INLINE GEN pr_get_tau(GEN pr){ return gel(pr,5); }
    2771             : INLINE int
    2772    17146428 : pr_is_inert(GEN P) { return typ(pr_get_tau(P)) == t_INT; }
    2773             : INLINE GEN
    2774     1089811 : pr_norm(GEN pr) { return powiu(pr_get_p(pr), pr_get_f(pr)); }
    2775             : INLINE ulong
    2776      346135 : upr_norm(GEN pr) { return upowuu(pr_get_p(pr)[2], pr_get_f(pr)); }
    2777             : 
    2778             : /* assume nf a genuine nf */
    2779             : INLINE long
    2780     1503727 : nf_get_varn(GEN nf) { return varn(gel(nf,1)); }
    2781             : INLINE GEN
    2782    98075948 : nf_get_pol(GEN nf) { return gel(nf,1); }
    2783             : INLINE long
    2784    71365505 : nf_get_degree(GEN nf) { return degpol( nf_get_pol(nf) ); }
    2785             : INLINE long
    2786    23027121 : nf_get_r1(GEN nf) { GEN x = gel(nf,2); return itou(gel(x,1)); }
    2787             : INLINE long
    2788        4154 : nf_get_r2(GEN nf) { GEN x = gel(nf,2); return itou(gel(x,2)); }
    2789             : INLINE GEN
    2790      463495 : nf_get_disc(GEN nf) { return gel(nf,3); }
    2791             : INLINE GEN
    2792     3711579 : nf_get_index(GEN nf) { return gel(nf,4); }
    2793             : INLINE GEN
    2794    21306653 : nf_get_M(GEN nf) { return gmael(nf,5,1); }
    2795             : INLINE GEN
    2796      303812 : nf_get_G(GEN nf) { return gmael(nf,5,2); }
    2797             : INLINE GEN
    2798     1747349 : nf_get_roundG(GEN nf) { return gmael(nf,5,3); }
    2799             : INLINE GEN
    2800       22082 : nf_get_Tr(GEN nf) { return gmael(nf,5,4); }
    2801             : INLINE GEN
    2802        4445 : nf_get_diff(GEN nf) { return gmael(nf,5,5); }
    2803             : INLINE GEN
    2804       64643 : nf_get_ramified_primes(GEN nf) { return gmael(nf,5,8); }
    2805             : INLINE GEN
    2806     1627879 : nf_get_roots(GEN nf) { return gel(nf,6); }
    2807             : INLINE GEN
    2808        4382 : nf_get_zk(GEN nf)
    2809             : {
    2810        4382 :   GEN y = gel(nf,7), D = gel(y, 1);
    2811        4382 :   if (typ(D) == t_POL) D = gel(D, 2);
    2812        4382 :   if (!equali1(D)) y = gdiv(y, D);
    2813        4382 :   return y;
    2814             : }
    2815             : INLINE GEN
    2816     5417808 : nf_get_zkprimpart(GEN nf)
    2817             : {
    2818     5417808 :   GEN y = gel(nf,7);
    2819             :   /* test for old format of nf.zk: non normalized */
    2820     5417808 :   if (!equali1(gel(nf,4)) && gequal1(gel(y,1))) y = Q_remove_denom(y,NULL);
    2821     5417807 :   return y;
    2822             : }
    2823             : INLINE GEN
    2824     5463527 : nf_get_zkden(GEN nf)
    2825             : {
    2826     5463527 :   GEN y = gel(nf,7), D = gel(y,1);
    2827     5463527 :   if (typ(D) == t_POL) D = gel(D,2);
    2828             :   /* test for old format of nf.zk: non normalized */
    2829     5463527 :   if (!equali1(gel(nf,4)) && equali1(D)) D = Q_denom(y);
    2830     5463512 :   return D;
    2831             : }
    2832             : INLINE GEN
    2833     9767700 : nf_get_invzk(GEN nf) { return gel(nf,8); }
    2834             : INLINE void
    2835      519552 : nf_get_sign(GEN nf, long *r1, long *r2)
    2836             : {
    2837      519552 :   GEN x = gel(nf,2);
    2838      519552 :   *r1 = itou(gel(x,1));
    2839      519552 :   *r2 = itou(gel(x,2));
    2840      519552 : }
    2841             : 
    2842             : INLINE GEN
    2843     2757741 : cyc_get_expo(GEN c) { return lg(c) == 1? gen_1: gel(c,1); }
    2844             : INLINE GEN
    2845      354929 : abgrp_get_no(GEN x) { return gel(x,1); }
    2846             : INLINE GEN
    2847    12231185 : abgrp_get_cyc(GEN x) { return gel(x,2); }
    2848             : INLINE GEN
    2849     1765021 : abgrp_get_gen(GEN x) { return gel(x,3); }
    2850             : INLINE GEN
    2851     9864723 : bnf_get_nf(GEN bnf) { return gel(bnf,7); }
    2852             : INLINE GEN
    2853     5375411 : bnf_get_clgp(GEN bnf) { return gmael(bnf,8,1); }
    2854             : INLINE GEN
    2855        8365 : bnf_get_no(GEN bnf) { return abgrp_get_no(bnf_get_clgp(bnf)); }
    2856             : INLINE GEN
    2857     3686563 : bnf_get_cyc(GEN bnf) { return abgrp_get_cyc(bnf_get_clgp(bnf)); }
    2858             : INLINE GEN
    2859     1680312 : bnf_get_gen(GEN bnf)  { return abgrp_get_gen(bnf_get_clgp(bnf)); }
    2860             : INLINE GEN
    2861         648 : bnf_get_reg(GEN bnf) { return gmael(bnf,8,2); }
    2862             : INLINE GEN
    2863     2874759 : bnf_get_logfu(GEN bnf) { return gel(bnf,3); }
    2864             : INLINE GEN
    2865     1367775 : bnf_get_sunits(GEN bnf)
    2866     1367775 : { GEN s = gmael(bnf,8,3); return typ(s) == t_INT? NULL: s; }
    2867             : INLINE GEN
    2868      303572 : bnf_get_tuU(GEN bnf) { return gmael3(bnf,8,4,2); }
    2869             : INLINE long
    2870      282996 : bnf_get_tuN(GEN bnf) { return gmael3(bnf,8,4,1)[2]; }
    2871             : INLINE GEN
    2872      289086 : bnf_get_fu_nocheck(GEN bnf) { return gmael(bnf,8,5); }
    2873             : INLINE GEN
    2874       26300 : nfV_to_scalar_or_alg(GEN nf, GEN x)
    2875       63441 : { pari_APPLY_same(nf_to_scalar_or_alg(nf, gel(x,i))) }
    2876             : INLINE GEN
    2877       25859 : bnf_get_fu(GEN bnf) {
    2878       25859 :   GEN fu = bnf_build_units(bnf), nf = bnf_get_nf(bnf);
    2879       25859 :   if (typ(fu) == t_MAT) pari_err(e_MISC,"missing units in bnf");
    2880       25859 :   return nfV_to_scalar_or_alg(nf, vecslice(fu, 2, lg(fu)-1));
    2881             : }
    2882             : 
    2883             : INLINE GEN
    2884     3751369 : bnr_get_bnf(GEN bnr) { return gel(bnr,1); }
    2885             : INLINE GEN
    2886     2046087 : bnr_get_bid(GEN bnr) { return gel(bnr,2); }
    2887             : INLINE GEN
    2888       77119 : bnr_get_mod(GEN bnr) { return gmael(bnr,2,1); }
    2889             : INLINE GEN
    2890     1368097 : bnr_get_nf(GEN bnr) { return gmael(bnr,1,7); }
    2891             : INLINE GEN
    2892     2830224 : bnr_get_clgp(GEN bnr) { return gel(bnr,5); }
    2893             : INLINE GEN
    2894      277488 : bnr_get_no(GEN bnr) { return abgrp_get_no(bnr_get_clgp(bnr)); }
    2895             : INLINE GEN
    2896     2522566 : bnr_get_cyc(GEN bnr) { return abgrp_get_cyc(bnr_get_clgp(bnr)); }
    2897             : INLINE GEN
    2898          70 : bnr_get_gen_nocheck(GEN bnr) { return abgrp_get_gen(bnr_get_clgp(bnr)); }
    2899             : INLINE GEN
    2900        7847 : bnr_get_gen(GEN bnr) {
    2901        7847 :   GEN G = bnr_get_clgp(bnr);
    2902        7847 :   if (lg(G) !=  4)
    2903           0 :     pari_err(e_MISC,"missing bnr generators: please use bnrinit(,,1)");
    2904        7847 :   return gel(G,3);
    2905             : }
    2906             : 
    2907             : /* localstar, used in gchar */
    2908             : INLINE GEN
    2909       52136 : locs_get_cyc(GEN locs) { return gel(locs,1); }
    2910             : INLINE GEN
    2911      193935 : locs_get_Lsprk(GEN locs) { return gel(locs,2); }
    2912             : INLINE GEN
    2913        1288 : locs_get_Lgenfil(GEN locs) { return gel(locs,3); }
    2914             : INLINE GEN
    2915        8225 : locs_get_mod(GEN locs) { return gel(locs,4); }
    2916             : /* pr dividing the modulus N of locs, 0 <= i < v_pr(N)
    2917             :  * return a t_MAT whose columns are the logs
    2918             :  * of generators of U_i(pr)/U_{i+1}(pr). */
    2919             : INLINE GEN
    2920        1288 : locs_get_famod(GEN locs) { return gmael(locs,4,1); }
    2921             : INLINE GEN
    2922      209475 : locs_get_m_infty(GEN locs) { return gmael(locs,4,2); }
    2923             : 
    2924             : /* G a grossenchar group */
    2925             : INLINE GEN
    2926       32816 : gchar_get_basis(GEN gc)  { return  gel(gc, 1); }
    2927             : INLINE GEN
    2928      205373 : gchar_get_bnf(GEN gc)    { return  gel(gc, 2); }
    2929             : INLINE GEN
    2930      243946 : gchar_get_nf(GEN gc)    { return  gel(gc, 3); }
    2931             : INLINE GEN
    2932      281911 : gchar_get_zm(GEN gc)     { return  gel(gc, 4); }
    2933             : INLINE GEN
    2934        8225 : gchar_get_mod(GEN gc)    { return  locs_get_mod(gchar_get_zm(gc)); }
    2935             : INLINE GEN
    2936        4095 : gchar_get_modP(GEN gc)    { return gmael(gchar_get_mod(gc),1,1); }
    2937             : INLINE GEN
    2938       36995 : gchar_get_S(GEN gc)      { return  gel(gc, 5); }
    2939             : INLINE GEN
    2940      190673 : gchar_get_DLdata(GEN gc)   { return  gel(gc, 6); }
    2941             : INLINE GEN
    2942        1743 : gchar_get_sfu(GEN gc) { return  gel(gc, 7); }
    2943             : INLINE GEN
    2944       16177 : gchar_get_cyc(GEN gc)    { return  gel(gc, 9); }
    2945             : INLINE GEN
    2946           0 : gchar_get_hnf(GEN gc)    { return  gmael(gc, 10, 1); }
    2947             : INLINE GEN
    2948           0 : gchar_get_U(GEN gc)      { return  gmael(gc, 10, 2); }
    2949             : INLINE GEN
    2950       10983 : gchar_get_Ui(GEN gc)     { return  gmael(gc, 10, 3); }
    2951             : INLINE GEN
    2952        3318 : gchar_get_m0(GEN gc)     { return gel(gc, 11); }
    2953             : INLINE GEN
    2954        4252 : gchar_get_u0(GEN gc)     { return gel(gc, 12); }
    2955             : INLINE long
    2956       17444 : gchar_get_r1(GEN gc)     { return nf_get_r1(gchar_get_nf(gc)); }
    2957             : INLINE long
    2958         623 : gchar_get_r2(GEN gc)     { return nf_get_r2(gchar_get_nf(gc)); }
    2959             : INLINE GEN
    2960       50519 : gchar_get_loccyc(GEN gc) { return locs_get_cyc(gchar_get_zm(gc)); }
    2961             : INLINE long
    2962       37261 : gchar_get_nc(GEN gc)     { return lg(gchar_get_loccyc(gc))-1; }
    2963             : INLINE long
    2964       36995 : gchar_get_ns(GEN gc)     { return lg(gchar_get_S(gc))-1; }
    2965             : INLINE long
    2966        1869 : gchar_get_nm(GEN gc)     { return lg(gchar_get_basis(gc))-1; }
    2967             : INLINE long
    2968        4011 : gchar_get_evalprec(GEN gc)   { return  gmael(gc, 8, 1)[1]; }
    2969             : INLINE long
    2970       18795 : gchar_get_prec(GEN gc)   { return  gmael(gc, 8, 1)[2]; }
    2971             : INLINE long
    2972       13468 : gchar_get_nfprec(GEN gc) { return  gmael(gc, 8, 1)[3]; }
    2973             : INLINE void
    2974        1813 : gchar_set_evalprec(GEN gc, long prec) { gmael(gc, 8, 1)[1] = prec; }
    2975             : INLINE void
    2976        1225 : gchar_set_prec(GEN gc, long prec) { gmael(gc, 8, 1)[2] = prec; }
    2977             : INLINE void
    2978        1225 : gchar_copy_precs(GEN gc, GEN gc2)
    2979             : {
    2980        1225 :   gel(gc2, 8) = shallowcopy(gel(gc,8));
    2981        1225 :   gmael(gc2, 8, 1) = shallowcopy(gmael(gc, 8, 1));
    2982        1225 : }
    2983             : INLINE void
    2984        2968 : gchar_set_nfprec(GEN gc, long prec) { gmael(gc, 8, 1)[3] = prec; }
    2985             : INLINE long
    2986         322 : gchar_get_ntors(GEN gc)   { return  gmael(gc, 8, 2)[1]; }
    2987             : INLINE long
    2988         322 : gchar_get_nfree(GEN gc)   { return  gmael(gc, 8, 2)[2]; }
    2989             : INLINE long
    2990        2044 : gchar_get_nalg(GEN gc)   { return  gmael(gc, 8, 2)[3]; }
    2991             : INLINE void
    2992        1575 : gchar_set_basis(GEN gc, GEN m_inv)  { gel(gc, 1) = m_inv; }
    2993             : INLINE void
    2994        2110 : gchar_set_nf(GEN gc, GEN nf)      { gel(gc, 3) = nf; }
    2995             : INLINE void
    2996         630 : gchar_set_ntors(GEN gc, long n)    { gmael(gc, 8, 2)[1] = n; }
    2997             : INLINE void
    2998         630 : gchar_set_nfree(GEN gc, long n)    { gmael(gc, 8, 2)[2] = n; }
    2999             : INLINE void
    3000         630 : gchar_set_nalg(GEN gc, long n)    { gmael(gc, 8, 2)[3] = n; }
    3001             : INLINE void
    3002        1575 : gchar_set_cyc(GEN gc, GEN cyc)      { gel(gc, 9) = cyc; }
    3003             : INLINE void
    3004         630 : gchar_set_HUUi(GEN gc, GEN hnf, GEN U, GEN Ui) { gel(gc, 10) = mkvec3(hnf, U, Ui); }
    3005             : INLINE void
    3006         945 : gchar_set_m0(GEN gc, GEN m0)     { gel(gc, 11) = m0; }
    3007             : INLINE void
    3008        2121 : gchar_set_u0(GEN gc, GEN u0)     { gel(gc, 12) = u0; }
    3009             : 
    3010             : INLINE GEN
    3011     1521922 : bid_get_mod(GEN bid) { return gel(bid,1); }
    3012             : INLINE GEN
    3013       72842 : bid_get_ideal(GEN bid) { return gmael(bid,1,1); }
    3014             : INLINE GEN
    3015       41187 : bid_get_arch(GEN bid) { return gmael(bid,1,2); }
    3016             : INLINE GEN
    3017     5804652 : bid_get_grp(GEN bid) { return gel(bid,2); }
    3018             : INLINE GEN
    3019     2498932 : bid_get_fact(GEN bid) { return gmael(bid,3,1); }
    3020             : INLINE GEN
    3021     2201571 : bid_get_fact2(GEN bid) { return gmael(bid,3,2); }
    3022             : INLINE GEN
    3023     2157249 : bid_get_MOD(GEN bid) { GEN y = gel(bid,4); return lg(y) == 4? gel(y,3): NULL; }
    3024             : INLINE GEN
    3025     2157973 : bid_get_sprk(GEN bid) { return gmael(bid,4,1); }
    3026             : INLINE GEN
    3027       48594 : bid_get_sarch(GEN bid) { return gmael(bid,4,2); }
    3028             : INLINE GEN
    3029     2397108 : bid_get_archp(GEN bid) { return gmael3(bid,4,2,2); }
    3030             : INLINE GEN
    3031     3680227 : bid_get_U(GEN bid) { return gel(bid,5); }
    3032             : INLINE GEN
    3033           0 : bid_get_no(GEN bid) { return abgrp_get_no(bid_get_grp(bid)); }
    3034             : INLINE GEN
    3035     5739801 : bid_get_cyc(GEN bid) { return abgrp_get_cyc(bid_get_grp(bid)); }
    3036             : INLINE GEN
    3037           0 : bid_get_gen_nocheck(GEN bid)  { return abgrp_get_gen(bid_get_grp(bid)); }
    3038             : INLINE GEN
    3039       64274 : bid_get_gen(GEN bid) {
    3040       64274 :   GEN G = bid_get_grp(bid);
    3041       64274 :   if (lg(G) != 4) pari_err(e_MISC,"missing bid generators. Use idealstar(,,2)");
    3042       64274 :   return abgrp_get_gen(G);
    3043             : }
    3044             : 
    3045             : INLINE GEN
    3046    38655073 : znstar_get_N(GEN G) { return gmael(G,1,1); }
    3047             : INLINE GEN
    3048     7331711 : znstar_get_faN(GEN G) { return gel(G,3); }
    3049             : INLINE GEN
    3050          14 : znstar_get_no(GEN G) { return abgrp_get_no(gel(G,2)); }
    3051             : INLINE GEN
    3052      262088 : znstar_get_cyc(GEN G) { return abgrp_get_cyc(gel(G,2)); }
    3053             : INLINE GEN
    3054       16150 : znstar_get_gen(GEN G) { return abgrp_get_gen(gel(G,2)); }
    3055             : INLINE GEN
    3056     7979693 : znstar_get_conreycyc(GEN G) { return gmael(G,4,5); }
    3057             : INLINE GEN
    3058     3290176 : znstar_get_conreygen(GEN G) { return gmael(G,4,4); }
    3059             : INLINE GEN
    3060       46788 : znstar_get_Ui(GEN G) { return gmael(G,4,3); }
    3061             : INLINE GEN
    3062      176107 : znstar_get_U(GEN G) { return gel(G,5); }
    3063             : INLINE GEN
    3064     2869063 : znstar_get_pe(GEN G) { return gmael(G,4,1); }
    3065             : INLINE GEN
    3066       36316 : gal_get_pol(GEN gal) { return gel(gal,1); }
    3067             : INLINE GEN
    3068        6006 : gal_get_p(GEN gal) { return gmael(gal,2,1); }
    3069             : INLINE GEN
    3070          91 : gal_get_e(GEN gal) { return gmael(gal,2,2); }
    3071             : INLINE GEN
    3072       23758 : gal_get_mod(GEN gal) { return gmael(gal,2,3); }
    3073             : INLINE GEN
    3074       32732 : gal_get_roots(GEN gal) { return gel(gal,3); }
    3075             : INLINE GEN
    3076       27874 : gal_get_invvdm(GEN gal) { return gel(gal,4); }
    3077             : INLINE GEN
    3078       27867 : gal_get_den(GEN gal) { return gel(gal,5); }
    3079             : INLINE GEN
    3080       80387 : gal_get_group(GEN gal) { return gel(gal,6); }
    3081             : INLINE GEN
    3082       15435 : gal_get_gen(GEN gal) { return gel(gal,7); }
    3083             : INLINE GEN
    3084        6678 : gal_get_orders(GEN gal) { return gel(gal,8); }
    3085             : 
    3086             : /* assume rnf a genuine rnf */
    3087             : INLINE long
    3088     2506335 : rnf_get_degree(GEN rnf) { return degpol(rnf_get_pol(rnf)); }
    3089             : INLINE long
    3090       21455 : rnf_get_nfdegree(GEN rnf) { return degpol(nf_get_pol(rnf_get_nf(rnf))); }
    3091             : INLINE long
    3092     1392746 : rnf_get_absdegree(GEN rnf) { return degpol(gmael(rnf,11,1)); }
    3093             : INLINE GEN
    3094        1386 : rnf_get_idealdisc(GEN rnf) { return gmael(rnf,3,1); }
    3095             : INLINE GEN
    3096        1225 : rnf_get_k(GEN rnf) { return gmael(rnf,11,3); }
    3097             : INLINE GEN
    3098        1428 : rnf_get_alpha(GEN rnf) { return gmael(rnf, 11, 2); }
    3099             : INLINE GEN
    3100      786086 : rnf_get_nf(GEN rnf) { return gel(rnf,10); }
    3101             : INLINE GEN
    3102        7245 : rnf_get_nfzk(GEN rnf) { return gel(rnf,2); }
    3103             : INLINE GEN
    3104      327628 : rnf_get_polabs(GEN rnf) { return gmael(rnf,11,1); }
    3105             : INLINE GEN
    3106     2845192 : rnf_get_pol(GEN rnf) { return gel(rnf,1); }
    3107             : INLINE GEN
    3108         357 : rnf_get_disc(GEN rnf) { return gel(rnf,3); }
    3109             : INLINE GEN
    3110         105 : rnf_get_index(GEN rnf) { return gel(rnf,4); }
    3111             : INLINE GEN
    3112        2849 : rnf_get_ramified_primes(GEN rnf) { return gel(rnf,5); }
    3113             : INLINE long
    3114         574 : rnf_get_varn(GEN rnf) { return varn(gel(rnf,1)); }
    3115             : INLINE GEN
    3116      255354 : rnf_get_nfpol(GEN rnf) { return gmael(rnf,10,1); }
    3117             : INLINE long
    3118        4886 : rnf_get_nfvarn(GEN rnf) { return varn(gmael(rnf,10,1)); }
    3119             : INLINE GEN
    3120        4830 : rnf_get_zk(GEN rnf) { return gel(rnf,7); }
    3121             : INLINE GEN
    3122      135659 : rnf_get_map(GEN rnf) { return gel(rnf,11); }
    3123             : INLINE GEN
    3124        1225 : rnf_get_invzk(GEN rnf) { return gel(rnf,8); }
    3125             : 
    3126             : INLINE GEN
    3127      138665 : idealred(GEN nf, GEN id) { return idealred0(nf, id, NULL); }
    3128             : 
    3129             : INLINE GEN
    3130        5427 : idealchineseinit(GEN nf, GEN x)
    3131        5427 : { return idealchinese(nf,x,NULL); }
    3132             : 
    3133             : /*******************************************************************/
    3134             : /*                                                                 */
    3135             : /*                              CLOSURES                           */
    3136             : /*                                                                 */
    3137             : /*******************************************************************/
    3138   371278481 : INLINE long closure_arity(GEN C)          { return ((ulong)C[1])&ARITYBITS; }
    3139    44789634 : INLINE long closure_is_variadic(GEN C) { return !!(((ulong)C[1])&VARARGBITS); }
    3140   321405372 : INLINE const char *closure_codestr(GEN C)  { return GSTR(gel(C,2))-1; }
    3141           0 : INLINE GEN closure_get_code(GEN C)  { return gel(C,2); }
    3142   321392533 : INLINE GEN closure_get_oper(GEN C)  { return gel(C,3); }
    3143   321375457 : INLINE GEN closure_get_data(GEN C)  { return gel(C,4); }
    3144       13621 : INLINE GEN closure_get_dbg(GEN C)   { return gel(C,5); }
    3145       37051 : INLINE GEN closure_get_text(GEN C)  { return gel(C,6); }
    3146    14158625 : INLINE GEN closure_get_frame(GEN C) { return gel(C,7); }
    3147             : 
    3148             : /*******************************************************************/
    3149             : /*                                                                 */
    3150             : /*                               ERRORS                            */
    3151             : /*                                                                 */
    3152             : /*******************************************************************/
    3153             : INLINE long
    3154       62523 : err_get_num(GEN e) { return e[1]; }
    3155             : INLINE GEN
    3156         294 : err_get_compo(GEN e, long i) { return gel(e, i+1); }
    3157             : 
    3158             : INLINE void
    3159          14 : pari_err_BUG(const char *f) { pari_err(e_BUG,f); }
    3160             : INLINE void
    3161          21 : pari_err_CONSTPOL(const char *f) { pari_err(e_CONSTPOL, f); }
    3162             : INLINE void
    3163          84 : pari_err_COPRIME(const char *f, GEN x, GEN y) { pari_err(e_COPRIME, f,x,y); }
    3164             : INLINE void
    3165         718 : pari_err_DIM(const char *f) { pari_err(e_DIM, f); }
    3166             : INLINE void
    3167           0 : pari_err_FILE(const char *f, const char *g) { pari_err(e_FILE, f,g); }
    3168             : INLINE void
    3169          36 : pari_err_FILEDESC(const char *f, long n) { pari_err(e_FILEDESC, f,n); }
    3170             : INLINE void
    3171          98 : pari_err_FLAG(const char *f) { pari_err(e_FLAG,f); }
    3172             : INLINE void
    3173         539 : pari_err_IMPL(const char *f) { pari_err(e_IMPL,f); }
    3174             : INLINE void
    3175       20018 : pari_err_INV(const char *f, GEN x) { pari_err(e_INV,f,x); }
    3176             : INLINE void
    3177          63 : pari_err_IRREDPOL(const char *f, GEN x) { pari_err(e_IRREDPOL, f,x); }
    3178             : INLINE void
    3179        2862 : pari_err_DOMAIN(const char *f, const char *v, const char *op, GEN l, GEN x) { pari_err(e_DOMAIN, f,v,op,l,x); }
    3180             : INLINE void
    3181         214 : pari_err_COMPONENT(const char *f, const char *op, GEN l, GEN x) { pari_err(e_COMPONENT, f,op,l,x); }
    3182             : INLINE void
    3183           0 : pari_err_MAXPRIME(ulong c) { pari_err(e_MAXPRIME, c); }
    3184             : INLINE void
    3185         406 : pari_err_OP(const char *f, GEN x, GEN y) { pari_err(e_OP, f,x,y); }
    3186             : INLINE void
    3187         156 : pari_err_OVERFLOW(const char *f) { pari_err(e_OVERFLOW, f); }
    3188             : INLINE void
    3189         238 : pari_err_PREC(const char *f) { pari_err(e_PREC,f); }
    3190             : INLINE void
    3191           0 : pari_err_PACKAGE(const char *f) { pari_err(e_PACKAGE,f); }
    3192             : INLINE void
    3193          98 : pari_err_PRIME(const char *f, GEN x) { pari_err(e_PRIME, f,x); }
    3194             : INLINE void
    3195        1316 : pari_err_MODULUS(const char *f, GEN x, GEN y) { pari_err(e_MODULUS, f,x,y); }
    3196             : INLINE void
    3197          63 : pari_err_ROOTS0(const char *f) { pari_err(e_ROOTS0, f); }
    3198             : INLINE void
    3199        7084 : pari_err_SQRTN(const char *f, GEN x) { pari_err(e_SQRTN, f,x); }
    3200             : INLINE void
    3201       15370 : pari_err_TYPE(const char *f, GEN x) { pari_err(e_TYPE, f,x); }
    3202             : INLINE void
    3203        3493 : pari_err_TYPE2(const char *f, GEN x, GEN y) { pari_err(e_TYPE2, f,x,y); }
    3204             : INLINE void
    3205         371 : pari_err_VAR(const char *f, GEN x, GEN y) { pari_err(e_VAR, f,x,y); }
    3206             : INLINE void
    3207         238 : pari_err_PRIORITY(const char *f, GEN x, const char *op, long v)
    3208         238 : { pari_err(e_PRIORITY, f,x,op,v); }
    3209             : 

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